Justice_ What's the Right Thing to Do_ - Michael Sandel [145]
solidarity: obligations, 225–28, 234–41; undermining, 266–68
Sorkow, Harvey R., 92–93
Sowell, Thomas, 4
Spar, Deborah, 99
spelling bee hero, 115–16
sports, rules in, 205–206
Sprite analogy, 108–109
squeegee men, 147
standardized tests, testing gap, 169–70
St. Anne’s College, Oxford University, 47–48
Stardust Memories (movie), 163–64
Starrett City apartment complex, Brooklyn, 177–78
Steinbrenner, George, 58
stem cell research debate, 252–53
Stern, Melissa, 91, 99
Stern, William and Elizabeth, 91, 92, 93
Stevens, John Paul, 204–205
suicide: assisted, 72–73, 74; and categorical imperative, 122–23
Supreme Court: and affirmative action, 168, 172, 175; Bakke case, 168, 172, 175; Martin golf case, 204–205, 206
surrogate pregnancies: Baby M contract, 91, 92–93, 94, 95, 96; gestational, 99–101; growth in market, 99–101; justice considerations, 95–98, 101; outsourcing, 99, 100–101; tainted consent objection, 95–96; valuation objection, 96–98
Sweatt, Herman Marion, 175
tainted consent, 92–93, 94, 95–96
Taliban, 20, 24, 25, 26–27
taxation: comparison with forced labor, 65–66; majority vs. individual rights, 68; objections, 66–68; and volunteer army, 80–81
Taylor, Harriet, 49
Teach for America, 84
teleological thinking, 188–90, 221, 222, 258; as aspect of justice, 186, 191, 195, 217, 218; and slavery, 200, 201, 203
telos, defined, 186, 188
terrorists, suspected, torturing of, 38–40
testing gap, standardized tests, 169–70
Thatcher, Margaret, 61
A Theory of Justice (Rawls), 140, 165, 247
Thorndike, Edward, 46–47
ticking time bomb case, 38–40
torturing suspected terrorists, 38–40
trolley, see runaway trolley scenario
truth, see lying, Kant’s view
Unabomber, 239–41
unfettered markets, 6, 20, 59, 103, 106; see also price gouging
United States, debate over public apologies and reparations, 210, 211–12
universal law, 120–21, 134
U.S. Constitution: fairness of, 143; as social contract, 140, 143
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 44–46
U.S. military: and Afgan goatherds dilemma, 24–27; drafting vs. hiring soldiers, 76–91; Purple Heart debate, 10–12; use of private contractors, 89–90
U.S. Supreme Court: and affirmative action, 168, 172, 175; Bakke case, 168, 172, 175; Martin golf case, 204–205, 206
utilitarianism, 31–57; as approach to justice, 19, 105, 216, 217, 260, 261; argument against conscription, 79–80; argument in favor of volunteer army, 80–81; case for affirmative action, 173; case for contracts, 95; distinguishing between higher and lower pleasures, 52–56; and economic inequality, 58–59; founder Bentham’s reasoning, 34–35; Kant’s view, 105, 106–107, 124, 138–39; Mill’s writing, 52–54; objection regarding common currency of rights, 41–48; objection regarding individual rights, 37–41; question of throwing Christians to lions, 37–38; question of torturing suspected terrorists, 38–40; rejected as social contract option, 141–42; rejecting behind veil of ignorance, 151; and runaway trolley, 110–11; utility vs. higher norms, 98; view of human rights, 103; WWF vs. Shakespeare vs. The Simpsons, 54–56
Utilitarianism (Mill), 52–54
values, see common currency of value veil of ignorance: defined, 141; and difference principle, 152–53; as ensurer of equality, 150–51, 214, 242
Venturi, Ken, 204
veterans, eligibility for Purple Heart, 10–12; see also soldiers
Vietnam War, 78, 234–35
virtue: in ancient and modern political thought, 9–10; Aristotle’s view, 9, 197–99; civic, erosion, 267–68; compared with freedom, 9, 12; and debate over Purple Heart award, 11–12; learning by doing, 197–99; patriotism as, 228–34; and price-gouging debate, 7–8; promoting as way of thinking about justice, 6, 9–10, 19, 20, 105, 260–61; see also good life
voluntary agreements, 92, 95–96; unfairness in, 145–46; see also contracts
volunteer army, 77, 78–91; civic virtue and common good objections, 84–87; class composition, 82–83; fairness and freedom objections, 81–84; libertarian argument, 79, 81; prevailing background conditions, 81–84; ranks filled through labor market, 78; utilitarian