Knocking on Heaven's Door - Lisa Randall [201]
Einstein’s equations, 122–23
see also E = mc2
electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL), 229–31, 230
electromagnetic radiation, 385–87
electromagnetic wave, 23–24, 32, 77, 77–78
electromagnetism, 281–82, 297–98, 346
electron collider, 104–6
see also LEP
electron, 81–82, 97–101, 107–8
in atoms, 15, 78, 78–79, 97–98
discovery of, 97–101
magnetic moment of the, 210–11, 212
electronvolt (eV), 423n
electroweak measurement, 106, 288
electroweak symmetry, 287–88, 295
elegance, 124, 261, 267, 268, 334
elementary particle physics, 72–81
elliptical orbits, 31
emergent phenomenon, 53–54
Empire State Building, 348
empirical reasoning, 201–2
endcap, 233, 233–34
energy, 80, 85–87, 89, 96–97, 99
and black holes, 169–71
and momentum, 245–46, 252–53
and particle colliders, 101–6, 208
vacuum, 374–75
weak scale, 115, 118–20
Energy Department, U.S., xxi, 167
Englert, François, 117, 423n
Euclid, 23, 43
European Organization for Nuclear Research see CERN
Evans, Lyn, 148–49, 150, 153, 157, 161, 164–65, 377
event horizon, 169
experiments, 8, 59–60, 88–89
and Galileo, 23, 26, 28–31, 39
and models, 274–75
experts, role of, 192–97
exponential notation, 421n
extensive systems, 72
extra dimensions, 92–93, 312–30, 341
and black holes, 170–71, 173–74
large, and the hierarchy, 318–22
warped, 322–30, 323, 404–5
Fabricius, Hieronymus, 74–75
feedback mechanism, 76, 198
Fermi, Enrico, 245, 263
Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope, 391
Fermilab (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), 138, 145, 154, 164, 167, 218
see also Tevatron
fermion, 254–55, 278, 280, 304–6
Feynman, Richard, 25, 94–95, 100, 168, 193, 397
Fielding, Henry, 3
Fillon, François, 161
financial bubbles, 184–85, 195–96
financial crisis of 2008, 179–80, 183–84, 186, 190, 195–97
fine-tuning, 118
fingers, 155–56
Finkbeiner, Doug, 384
Finnegans Wake (Joyce), 82
Fish, Stanley, 63–64
FiveThirtyEight, 178
fixed-target experiments vs. particle colliders, 101, 101–3
Fleming, Alexander, 404
flow, 426n
forces see electromagnetism; gravity; strong force; weak force
Ford, Kent, 369
forecasting, 178–79, 197–99
fossils, 47
Fragola, Joe, 182–83, 187
frame of reference, 102
Franklin, Benjamin, xxiii, 10
Freedman, Wendy, 356
French Academy of Sciences, 70–71
Fresnel, Augustin-Jean, 23–24
Friedman, Jerome, 100
Friedrich, Caspar David, 42
fundamental, 20
Gabrielse, Gerald, 210–11
Gago, José Mariano, 161
galaxy, 346, 349, 352–53, 354
galaxy clusters, 349, 369, 371
Galileo Galilei, 23, 26–39, 46, 48–49, 60–62
Gamow, George, 82
GAPS see General Antiparticle Spectrometer
Garden of Eden, 269
gas, 19, 19
gauge boson, 108–9, 115, 116–17, 251–54, 284–85
Gell-Mann, Murray, 82, 259, 261–63, 407–8
General Antiparticle Spectrometer (GAPS), 392
general relativity, 91–92, 334, 350, 368
generation, 243
gene, 76
geometrical optics, 21–25, 24
geometry, 91, 324–25, 325, 365
see also warped geometry
Georgi, Howard, 88–90, 334–35, 397, 423n
Gianotti, Fabiola, 214–15, 219, 230
Giddings, Steve, 173, 174
Gilbert, Wally, 360
Giotto di Bondone, 28–29, 29
Gladwell, Malcolm, 400
Glashow, Sheldon, 88–90, 334–35, 423n
gluino, 382
gluon, 83–87, 86, 97–101, 104–5, 115
God, 4, 48, 50–51, 55–59, 62–63, 65
God particle, 287
Goldman Sachs, 180, 191
Google, 400
Gosse, Philip, 47
Gould, Stephen Jay, 56
Grand Unified Theory (GUT), 88–90, 89, 334–35, 423n
Grateful Dead, 59
gravitational force law, 30–31, 38, 349–50, 406
gravitational lensing, 370, 370–71
graviton, 320–21, 321, 324–28, 327, 335
gravity
and black holes, 170–75
and dark matter, 120
and effective theories, 18
and extra dimensions, 317–20
and Galileo, 30–31, 61–62
and hierarchy problem, 296–98
and LHC, 115–16
and Planck scale, 91–92, 317–18, 335–36
and string theory, 335–36, 346
see also quantum gravity
Gravitybrane, 323, 324–26, 325
gravity wave detector, 123–24
GRE (Graduate Record Examinations), 21
Greenspan, Alan, 196–97
Gregerson, Linda, 40, 41, 44
Gross, David, 65, 128, 263
Gulf oil spill, 183, 185
Guralnik, Gerald, 117, 423n
GUT see Grand Unified