Life After Death_ A History of the Afterlife in Western Religion - Alan Segal [468]
40. Buckley, Female Fault and Fulfillment, p. 126.
41. Ibid., p. 127.
42. On the role of Scripture in asceticism, see E. Clark, Reading Renunciation; K. Cooper, The Virgin and the Bride.
43. Pagels, The Gnostic Paul.
Chapter 12. The Pseudepigraphic Literature
1. See Bowersock, Martyrdom and Rome, pp. 75-76.
2. Bowersock, Martyrdom and Rome, offers a handy place to find the classical antecedents to the martyrdom tradition, some of which have already been discussed in this work as well.
3. See A. Segal, “‘He Who Did Not Spare,’” reprinted with some minor improvements as “The Sacrifice of Isaac.” I published some further reflections on the theme in “The Akedah.”
4. See A. Collins, Cosmology and Eschatology; J. Collins, Apocalyptic Imagination, pp. 210-15; “Political Perspective Revelation to John;” and more generally, Cosmology and Eschatology, pp. 198-217.
5. See A. Collins, Cosmology and Eschatology, p. 201; A. Segal, Rebecca’s Children, pp. 78-96 esp., p. 94.
6. See Wiley, Original Sin, though this conclusion is not found there.
7. Tertullian Apol. 39.2, cf. 32.1. See Gager, Kingdom and Community, pp. 44-45.
8. Bauckham, The Fate of the Dead, pp. 78-80.
9. An example of this process might be sought in the continuing interest in the painful final disposition of sinners in hell in all of the world’s great religions-from Islam and Hinduism into Chinese and Tibetan Buddhisms, which favor greatly elaborated views of hell as well. On the other hand, in permissive America, both Satan and hell have nearly fallen out of religious life, except in the fundamentalistic and evangelical communities where their reality, as well as the reality of the coming millennium, is still assumed and strongly emphasized.
10. Wiley, Original Sin, pp. 46-55.
11. See ch. 13.
12. 1 En 51:1; 4 Ezra 7:32; Rev 20:13; Pseudo-Philo, L.A.B. 3:10; 33:3; 2 Bar. 21:23; Apoc. Pet. 4:3-4; 4:10-12; an apocryphal quotation in Tertullian, Res. 32.1; 2 Bar. 42:8; 50:2; 4 Ezra 4:41-43a; Pseudo-Philo, Midrash on Ps. 1:20; Midrash Rabba on Cant. 2:1:2; Pirqe de R. Eliezer 34; Pesiqta Rabbati 21:4; b. Sanh 92a; Bauckham, The Fate of the Dead, p. 271-74.
13. Stone, Fourth Ezra.
14. See Cavallin, Life After Death, pp. 80ff.
15. See Bergren, Fifth Ezra; “People Coming from the East;” “List of Leaders in 5 Ezra.”
16. For more issues inherent in this passage, including the perplexing behavior of the Messiah, see Cavallin, Life After Death, p. 86 and literature mentioned there.
17. Translation by Klijn, in Charlesworth, The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, vol. 1, p. 638.
18. See Cavallin, Life After Death, p. 89.
19. See also 2 En 18; 31; Gos. Bart.; and Budge, Book of the Cave of Treasures, pp. 56ff. In any case, these stories are probably to be understood as originating in the story of the Fall of Ḥellal ben Shaḥar (Vg. Lucifer) in Isa 14, perhaps combined with Ezek 28.
20. Bauckham, The Fate of the Dead, p. 66; Himmelfarb, Tours of Hell; Ascent to Heaven.
21. See Klijn, p. 619, and Gaylord, p. 659, in Charlesworth, The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, vol. 1.
22. See Tabor, Things Unutterable, pp. 84-85.
23. See de Boer, Defeat of Death, p. 67.
24. See Dean-Otting, Heavenly Journeys, p. 79.
25. See J. Becker, Untersuchungen zur Enstehungsgeschichte, pp. 353ff. and Cavallin, Life After Death, p. 54.
26. Nickelsburg, Resurrection, Immortality and Eternal Life, pp. 161, 165, 179; also see “Future Life in Intertestamental Literature.”
27. Nickelsburg, Resurrection, Immortality and Eternal Life; “Future Life in Intertestamental Literature.”
28. Tabor, Things Unutterable, pp. 85-86.
29. See E. Sanders, The Testament of Abraham.
30. Kraemer, When Aseneth Met Joseph. Kraemer opines that the book is most likely Christian and third century, at least in its current form.
31. It looks suspiciously like a sign of the cross is made over the bread.
32. Valantasis, Spiritual Guides of the Third Century.
33. Hick, Arguments for the Existence of God.
34. See on a related theme, Charlesworth, “The Jewish Roots of Christology.”
35. Black,