Life After Death_ A History of the Afterlife in Western Religion - Alan Segal [471]
82. Finamore, lamblichus, p. 3.
83. See Ibid., pp. 33, 54 n.; Dodds, Proclus, p. 320; G. Shaw,Theurgy and the Soul.
84. See Finamore, lamblichus, p. 51.
85. Ibid., p. 101.
86. MacMullen, Christianity and Paganism, p. 110; and Christianizing the Roman Empire.
Chapter 13. The Church Fathers and Their Opponents
1. There are many studies already available on individual fathers and many book length surveys as well. Dewart, Death and Resurrection; Perkins, Resurrection; Bynum, The Resurrection of the Body; Gatch, Death, Meaning, and Mortality; R. Brown, Virginal Conception and Bodily Resurrection of Jesus; Carnley, The Structure of Resurrection Belief; N. Wright, Resurrection of the Son of God.
2. See Gos. of Pet. 9-10, Hennecke-Schneemelcher, vol. 1, pp. 185ff.
3. Dewart, Death and Resurrection.
4. See Pagels, The Gnostic Paul.
5. Bianchi, Le Origini dello Gnosticismo; King, What Is Gnosticism?
6. See Dewart, Death and Resurrection, p. 36. Also see Pagels, Adam, Eve, and the Serpent. Nevertheless, Gos. Barn. 6 calls infants guiltless, which limits any notion of inherited sinfulness.
7. See Pagels, Adam, Eve, and the Serpent, throughout. Also see P. Brown, The Body and Society, throughout.
8. For more detail and a slightly different perspective on the growing difficulties between Judaism and Christianity, see Pagels, The Origin of Satan.
9. von Campenhausen, Ecclesiastical Authority and Spiritual Power, p. 17.
10. Pagels, The Gnostic Gospels.
11. See R. Fox, “Living like Angels.” Pagels, Adam, Eve, and the Serpent.
12. See Vaage and Wimbush, Asceticism and the New Testament; T. Shaw, The Burden of the Flesh; Burrus, Chastity As Autonomy; Elm, ‘Virgins of God’; P. Brown, The Body and Society; E. Clark, “Ascetic Renunciation and Feminine Advancement;” Jerome, Chrysostom and Friends; “Theory and Practice in Late Ancient Asceticism;” Reading Renunciation; K. Cooper, The Virgin and the Bride; Kraemer, “The Conversion of Women;” Ruether, “Misogynism and Virginal Feminism;” Kraemer and D’Angelo, Women and Christian Origins.
13. For the later tradtion, see Stroumsa, “Madness and Divinization.”
14. See Frank, Angelikos Bios, esp. 108-99.
15. Pseudo-Athanasius, The Burden of the Flesh, p. 1.
16. The quotation is from Grant and Graham, “1 Clement.”
17. 1 Clem. 42, Roberts, Donaldson and Crombie, p. 37. Also see Dewart, Death and Resurrection, here and throughout.
18. 2 Clem. 9, Roberts, Donaldson, and Crombie, p. 61. See Perkins, Resurrection; and Dewart, Death and Resurrection, for more commentary on this interesting passage.
19. For a summary of the research done on angelomorphism, see Gieschen, Angelomorphic Christology. For martyrdom, see Straw, “‘A Very Special Death.’”
20. See van Hooff, From Autothanasia to Suicide; Droge and Tabor, A Noble Death; Seeley, The Noble Death; L. Smith, Fools, Martyrs, and Traitors; the classic: Frend, Martyrdom and Persecution. For a recent re-evaluation, see Bowersock, Martyrdom and Rome.
21. Ign. Rom 4, Roberts, Donaldson, and Crombie, p. 212.
22. Bowersock, Martyrdom and Rome, pp. 16-20.
23. Ign. Symr. 2 and 3, Roberts, Donaldson, and Crombie, pp. 241-42.
24. Frend, Martyrdom and Persecution.
25. Layton, The Gnostic Gospels.
26. See Layton, The Gnostic Scriptures, pp. 217-22.
27. See Ibid., p. 241.
28. See Pagels, The Gnostic Paul.
29. The earlier classic, Frend, Martyrdom and Persecution, has been supplemented by Pagels, The Gnostic Gospels, observation of the structural connection between resurrection notions and interest in marytrdom.
30. Origen, “Commentarium in 1 Corinthians,” pp. 466-47). See Pagels, Gnostic Gospels, pp. 11 and n. 366, p. 158.
31. See, for example, Fredriksen, “Vile Bodies,” pp. 73-85; “Beyond the Body/Soul Dichtonomy,” pp. 87-114.
32. Frend, Martyrdom and Persecution, p. 245.
33. Ibid., p. 246.
34. See Droge and Tabor, A Noble Death; Bynum, The Resurrection of the Body.
35. Irenaeus, Haer.