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CHAPTER 1. THE VILLAGE EMERGES

1. Edward Miller and John Hatcher, Medieval England: Rural Society and Economic Change, 1086-1348, London, 1978, pp. 85-87.

2. Rowley and Wood, Deserted Villages, pp. 6-8.

3. Jean Chapelot and Robert Fossier, The Village and House in the Middle Ages, trans. by Henry Cleere, Berkeley, 1985, p. 327.

4. P. J. Fowler, “Later Prehistory,” in H. P. R. Finberg, gen. ed., The Agrarian History of England and Wales, vol. 1, pt. 1, Prehistory, ed. by Stuart Piggott, Cambridge, 1981, pp. 157-158.

5. Butser Ancient Farm Project Publications: The Celtic Experience; Celtic Fields; Evolution of Wheat; Bees and Honey; Quern Stones; Hoes, Ards, and Yokes; Natural Dyes.

6. Tacitus, De Vita Iulii Agricola and De Germania, ed. by Alfred Gudeman, Boston, 1928, pp. 36-37, 40-41.

7. Chapelot and Fossier, Village and House, pp. 27-30.

8. S. Applebaum, “Roman Britain,” in H. P. R. Finberg, ed., The Agrarian History of England and Wales, vol. 1, pt. 2, A.D. 43-1042, Cambridge, 1972, p. 117.

9. Ibid., pp. 73-82.

10. Ibid., pp. 186, 208.

11. Chapelot and Fossier, Village and House, pp. 61, 100-103.

12. Ibid., p. 26.

13. Ibid., p. 15.

14. Ibid., pp. 144-150.

15. Joan Thirsk, “The Common Fields” and “The Origin of the Common Fields,” and J. Z. Titow, “Medieval England and the Open-Field System,” in Peasants, Knights, and Heretics: Studies in Medieval English Social History, ed. by R. H. Hilton, Cambridge, 1981, pp. 10-56; Bruce Campbell, “Commonfield Origins—the Regional Dimension,” in Trevor Rowley, ed., Origins of Open-Field Agriculture, London, 1981, p. 127; Trevor Rowley, “Medieval Field Systems,” in Leonard Cantor, ed., The English Medieval Landscape, Philadelphia, 1982; H. L. Gray, English Field Systems, Cambridge, Mass., 1915; C. S. and C. S. Orwin, The Open Fields, Oxford, 1954.

16. Joseph and Frances Gies, Life in a Medieval Castle, New York, 1974, p. 148.

17. George C. Homans, English Villagers in the Thirteenth Century, New York, 1975, pp. 12-28.

18. Grenville Astill and Annie Grant, eds., The Countryside of Medieval England, Oxford, 1988, pp. 88, 94.

19. Georges Duby, Rural Economy and Country Life in the Medieval West, Columbia, S.C., 1968, pp. 109-111.

20. Joan Thirsk, “Farming Techniques,” in Agrarian History of England and Wales, vol. 4, 1500-1640, ed. by Joan Thirsk, Cambridge, 1967, p. 164.

21. R. H. Hilton, The Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism, London, 1984, pp. 15-16.

22. W. G. Hoskins, The Midland Peasant: The Economic and Social History of a Leicestershire Village, London, 1957, p. 79; Homans, English Villagers, p. 368.

CHAPTER 2. THE ENGLISH VILLAGE: ELTON

1. For Huntingdonshire: Peter Bigmore, The Bedfordshire and Huntingdonshire Landscape, London, 1979. For England in general: H. C. Darby, A New Historical Geography of England Before 1600, Cambridge, 1976; Cantor, ed., The English Medieval Landscape; W. G. Hoskins, The Making of the English Landscape, London, 1955.

2. Applebaum, “Roman Britain,” in The Agrarian History of England and Wales, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 53.

3. Bigmore, Bedfordshire and Huntingdonshire Landscape, pp. 37-42.

4. Frank M. Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England, Oxford, 1971, p. 25.

5. H. C. Darby, “The Anglo-Scandinavian Foundations,” in Darby, ed., New Historical Geography, pp. 13-14.

6. Ibid., p. 15.

7. H. P. R. Finberg, “Anglo-Saxon England to 1042,” in The Agrarian History of England and Wales, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 422.

8. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, trans. by Anne Savage, London, 1983, pp. 90-92, 96.

9. J. A. Raftis, The Estates of Ramsey Abbey: A Study of Economic Growth and Organization, Toronto, 1957, pp. 6-9.

10. A. Mawer and F. M. Stenton, The Place-Names of Bedfordshire and Huntingdonshire, London, 1926, pp. 183-184; James B.Johnston, The Place Names of England and Wales, London, 1915, p. 258; Eilert Ekwall, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place Names, Oxford, 1947, p. 158.

11. Chronicon abbatiae Rameseiensis, pp. 112-113.

12. Ibid., pp. 135-140.