Living My Life - Emma Goldman [316]
CHAPTER XXII
1 Nikolai Tchaikovsky lent his name to the influential Tchaikovsky Circles formed in St. Petersburg in 1872 to unify student revolutionary opposition and then to promote political propaganda in the countryside. EG called Tchaikovsky “the genius of the revolutionary movement of the Russian youth.” Tchaikovsky had met EG in England at the home of the Kropotkins and had advised her against attempting to pursue medical studies while doing political work, saying she could not do both well (see LML, 1970, 254-55).
2 Oscar Wilde (1854-1900): Irish playwright, poet, and writer known for brilliant and caustic wit in domestic comic dramas. Wilde was sentenced to two years’ hard labor for homosexual practices; he died bankrupt in Paris.
3 Neo-Malthusian Congress: English political economist Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) believed unchecked population growth could produce global famine. He influenced Charles Darwin’s development of principles of natural selection.
4 EG had come abroad under the name “Mrs. E. G. Brady,” explaining she would not have been admitted under her own name (see LML, 1970, 171).
CHAPTER XXIII
1 While she was abroad, EG learned from friends and family that Brady had formed a new relationship and had fathered a daughter (see LML, 1970, 282).
2 Ed Brady had formed a partnership with an inventor of “a novelty in albums.” On a previous lecture tour, Goldman had agreed to “take the contraption” on the road with her, and indeed she had been successful in soliciting “several substantial contracts” from stationery stores (see LML, 1970, 212, 230).
3 Leon Czolgosz (1873-1901): American self-proclaimed anarchist and assassin of President McKinley (September 6, 1901).
4 Jay Fox (1870-1961): Irish-born American anarchist and labor organizer.
5 Francis O‘Neill (1848-1936): Irish American Chicago police officer and superintendent (1901-05). He was an active reformer of police corruption and collector and performer of Irish music.
6 Nellie Bly (born Elizabeth Jane Cochrane) (1864-1922): American journalist who pioneered in investigative journalism as a reporter for Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World.
7 Clarence Darrow (1857-1938): American socialist, free thinker, single taxer, and lawyer. He achieved national recognition defending Eugene Debs and the American Railway Union during the 1894 Pullman strike.
CHAPTER XXIV
1 Harry Gordon (1866-1941): Lithuanian-born Jewish American anarchist.
2 Karl Heinzen (1809-1880): German revolutionary. The 1848 revolution brought radical social ideas to the foreground and laid the basis for expectations that a repressed peasantry and an exploited urban working class could combine with a new middle class to create conditions for democratizing Germany.
CHAPTER XXV
1 Joseph Roswell Hawley (1826-1905): representative and senator from Connecticut.
CHAPTER XXVI
1 Herbert Spencer (1820-1903): English philosopher, scientist, engineer, and political economist. He applied Darwinian theories of natural selection to human society, popularizing the notion of “survival of the fittest” and helping to found sociology as a social science.
2 Edward Carpenter (1844-1929): British socialist, writer, and poet; published Love’s Coming of Age (1886) advocating sexual liberation for homosexuals and women.
CHAPTER XXVII
1 John Turner (1864-1934): British anarchist, journalist, lecturer, and union organizer.
2 name of a Raines hotel: After state Senator John Raines introduced a law to curtail prostitution in New York by imposing restrictions on saloons, only hotels with ten or more beds were permitted to serve alcohol. “Raines hotels” were saloons that subdivided rear or upper-floor space into small bedrooms to accommodate the law. Ironically, the law encouraged prostitution since the smaller bedrooms were more likely to be rented by prostitutes and their patrons than by other guests.
CHAPTER XXVIII
1 Catherine Breshkovskaya (1844-1934): Russian revolutionary, anarchist, and lecturer, sentenced