Malcolm X_ A Life of Reinvention - Manning Marable [342]
184 “Muslims Give the JFK Man a Fit.” “Muslims Give the JFK Man a Fit,” New Jersey Herald News, February 4, 1961.
185 to accommodate the anticipated audience. See “Invited by Campus NAACP,ʺ Pittsburgh Courier, February 11, 1961; “Muslim Malcolm X Out as Howard U. History Speaker,” Pittsburgh Courier, February 25, 1961; and “Malcolm May Not Talk at Howard,” Amsterdam News, February 25, 1961. DeCaro states that an NAACP official intervened to cancel the lecture. See DeCaro, On the Side of My People, p. 174.
185 “on them when we get there.” DeCaro, On the Side of My People, p. 174.
186 was his identity as “A BLACK MAN!ʺ “1,500 Hear Integration-Non-Segregation Debate,” Chicago Defender, November 11, 1961; and “Malcolm Xʹs Howard University Lecture,” October 30, 1961, MXC-S, box 5, folder 15.
187 “I feel a reluctance to face my class tomorrow.” “1,500 Hear Integration-Non-Segregation Debate.”
187 “must have some land of our own.” “Harvard Hears Malcolm X, NAACP Speaker,” Amsterdam News, April 8, 1961; and “The Harvard Law School Forum of March 24, 1961,” in Archie Epps, ed., The Malcolm X Speeches at Harvard (New York: Paragon House, 1961), pp. 115-31.
188 would often dictate parts of his speeches. Louis Farrakhan interview, December 27, 2007.
188 John Ali could monitor the addresses. FBI—Gravitt, Summary Report, New York Office, January 23, 1962.
188 which had to be relocated to the local YMCA. “UC Forbids,” San Francisco Chronicle, May 7, 1961; “Malcolm ʹXʹ Raps UC,” San Francisco Chronicle, May 9, 1961; “West Coast University Bars,” Afro-American (Baltimore), May 20, 1961; and MX FBI, Memo, San Francisco Office, May 19, 1961.
188 debate “hate” journalist Louis Lomax. MX FBI, Summary Report, New York Office, May 17, 1961, p. 18.
188 Malcolm denied that such a position existed. MX FBI, Summary Report, New York Office, May 17, 1961, p. 17; and DeCaro, On the Side of My People, p. 182.
188 “house of bondage four thousand years ago.” “A Partial Transcript of a Sermon by Malcolm X at Elder Solomon Lightfoot Michaux’s New York Church of God, June 16, 1961,” in DeCaro, Malcolm and the Cross, pp. 223-35. Michaux was one of the first African-American radio and television evangelists. Michaux’s brother Lewis operated a black bookstore on Harlem’s 125th Street that was a popular meeting place for black nationalists.
189 it could very well be “the start of a holy war.” FBI—Gravitt, Summary Report, New York Office, April 14, 1961.
189 and demanded secretary Dag Hammarskjöld’s firing. Martin Meredith, The First Dance of Freedom: Black Africa in the Post-War Era (New York: Harper and Row, 1984), pp. 150-51.
190 “no one to use me against the nationalists.” “Muslims to Sue Adlai Stevenson,” Amsterdam News, February 25, 1961; “Muslims Sue Dailies,” Amsterdam News, March 11, 1961; MX FBI, Summary Report, New York Office, May 17, 1961, pp. 15-16; and MX FBI, Correlation Summary, New York Office, September 25, 1963, pp. 8, 24; “Americans Active in Demonstration at U.N. Meeting,” Atlanta Daily World, February 16, 1961; “Mob Invades U.N., 21 Hurt!” Chicago Daily Tribune, February 16, 1961; “U.S. Blames Reds for Negroes Act,” Chicago Defender, February 16, 1961.
190 her acquaintance with him several years later. Maya Angelou, The Heart of a Woman (New York: Random House, 1981), pp. 166-70.
190 “and will not be a ‘spooky war.’” FBI—Gravitt, Summary Report, New York Office, January 23, 1962; and MX FBI, Correlation Summary, New York Office, August 25, 1963, pp. 25, 26.
190 to achieve under the “American flag.” FBI—Gravitt, Summary Report, New York Office, January 23, 1962.
191 NOI duly sold discounted copies of the book. Elijah Muhammad to Malcolm X, March 23, 1961, MXC-S, box 3, folder 8.
191 “August fourteenth, 217 West 125th Street.” Telegram, A. Phillip Randolph to Malcolm X, August 11, 1961, MXC-S, box 3, folder 13.
192 “with