Meditations - Marcus Aurelius (Emperor of Rome) [76]
CAEDICIANUS: Perhaps identical with a governor of Dacia in the 120s and 130s. (4.50)
CAESAR: Gaius Julius Caesar (100–44 B.C.), Roman politician and general who marched on Rome in 49 B.C., precipitating a civil war against forces loyal to POMPEY and the Senate. After the defeat of the Republican forces at the battle of Pharsalia and the murder of Pompey he was made dictator for life, but assassinated in 44 B.C. (3.3, 8.3)
CAESO: Unknown, though obviously a figure from Republican history. (4.33)
CAMILLUS: Marcus Furius Camillus, the (perhaps mythical) fourth-century B.C. general who saved Rome when it was under attack by invading Gauls. (4.33)
CATO (1): Marcus Porcius Cato “the Elder,” consul and censor in the second century B.C.; author of a surviving work on agriculture and a lost history. He was an emblem of Roman moral rectitude and rough virtue. (4.33)
CATO (2): Marcus Porcius Cato “the Younger” (95–46 B.C.), great-grandson of Cato (1), a senator and well-known Stoic in the late Republic. He fought on the Republican side against Julius CAESAR and committed suicide after the battle of Thapsus. He was immortalized in the poet Lucan’s epic The Civil War, and became an emblem of Stoic resistance to tyranny. (1.14)
CATULUS: Cinna Catulus is named, along with MAXIMUS, as a Stoic mentor of Marcus’s by the Historia Augusta, but nothing else is known of him. (1.13)
CECROPS: Legendary founder of Athens. (4.23)
CELER: Rhetorician who taught both Marcus and Lucius VERUS. (8.25)
CHABRIAS: Evidently an associate of HADRIAN (2), like DIOTIMUS, but not otherwise known. (8.37)
CHARAX: Perhaps Charax of Pergamum, a historian known from other sources to have been active in the second or third century. (8.25)
CHRYSIPPUS: Stoic philosopher (280–207 B.C.), succeeded Zeno and Cleanthes as leader of the school. His writings laid out the fundamental doctrines of early Stoicism. (6.42, 7.19)
CLOTHO: One of the three Fates of Greek mythology who are imagined as spinning or weaving human fortunes. (4.34)
CRATES: Cynic philosopher (c. 365–285 B.C.) and disciple of DIOGENES. (6.13)
CRITO: Most likely the physician Titus Statilius Crito, active under Trajan. (10.31)
CROESUS: Sixth-century king of Lydia, famous for his wealth and power until his kingdom fell to the Persians. (10.27)
DEMETER: Greek goddess of agriculture. (6.43)
DEMETRIUS (1) OF PHALERUM: Fourth-century B.C. philosopher, student of THEOPHRASTUS and governor of Athens under Macedonian rule. (9.29)
DEMETRIUS (2) THE PLATONIST: Probably not Demetrius (1), who was an adherent of the Peripatetic school, not a Platonist. A Cynic philosopher banished by VESPASIAN has also been suggested, but the reference is more likely to a contemporary figure now unknown. (8.25)
DEMOCRITUS: Pre-Socratic philosopher (c. 460–370 B.C.) best known for developing the theory of atoms later adopted by the Epicureans. (3.3; quoted 4.3, 4.24, 7.31a)
DENTATUS: Manius Curius Dentatus, third-century B.C. Roman general. (4.33)
DIOGENES: Greek philosopher (c. 400–c. 325 B.C.) and founder of the Cynic school, notable for his extreme ascetic lifestyle and contempt for social conventions. (8.3, 11.6)
DIOGNETUS: Marcus’s drawing teacher (according to the Historia Augusta), though the entry suggests that he played a greater role in Marcus’s development than this might suggest. (1.6)
DION: Sicilian aristocrat, a protégé of Plato, who saw in him a potential philosopher-king. (1.14)
DIOTIMUS: Evidently an associate of HADRIAN (2), not otherwise known. (8.25, 8.37)
DOMITIUS: Unidentified, perhaps a student of ATHENODOTUS. (1.13)
EMPEDOCLES: Fifth-century B.C. Greek philosopher and poet who regarded the natural world as the result of constant mingling and separating of four basic elements. (quoted 8.41, 12.3)
EPICTETUS: Stoic philosopher (c. 55–c. 135), a former slave from Phrygia who was among the most influential figures in later