MySQL in a Nutshell [6]
Before beginning to download an installation package, you must decide which version of MySQL to install. The best choice is usually the latest stable version recommended by MySQL AB on its site. This is the GA (Generally Available) release. It’s not recommended that you install a newer version unless you need some new feature that is contained only in one of the newer versions, such as the beta version or the RC (Release Candidate) version. It’s also not recommended that you install an older version unless you have an existing database or an API application that won’t function with the current version.
When installing MySQL, you also have the option of using either a source distribution or a binary distribution. It’s easier, and recommended, for you to install a binary distribution. However, you may want to use a source distribution if you have special configuration requirements that must be set during the installation or at compile time. You may also have to use a source distribution if a binary distribution isn’t available for your operating system.
Unix Source Distributions
The steps for installing MySQL on all Unix types of operating systems are basically the same. This includes Linux, Sun Solaris, FreeBSD, IBM AIX, HP-UX, etc. It’s recommended that you install MySQL with a binary distribution, but as explained in the previous section, sometimes you may want to use a source distribution. To install a source distribution, you will need copies of GNU gunzip, GNU tar, GNU gcc (at least version 2.95.2), and GNU make. These tools are usually included in all Linux systems and in most Unix systems. If your system doesn’t have them, you can download them from the GNU Project’s site (http://www.gnu.org).
Once you’ve chosen and downloaded the source distribution files for MySQL, enter the following commands as root from the directory where you want the source files stored:
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
tar xvfz /tmp/mysql-version.tar.gz
cd mysql-version
The first command creates the user group mysql. The second creates the system user mysql and adds it to the group mysql at the same time. The next command uses the tar utility (along with gunzip via the z option) to unzip and unpack the source distribution file you downloaded. You should replace the word version with the version number—that is to say, you should use the actual path and filename of the installation file that you downloaded for the second argument of the tar command. The last command changes to the directory created by tar in the previous line. That directory contains the files needed to configure MySQL.
This brings you to the next step, which is to configure the source files to prepare them for building the binary programs. This is where you can add any special build requirements you may have. For instance, if you want to change the default directory from where MySQL is installed, use the --prefix option with a value set to equal the desired directory. To set the Unix socket file’s path, you can use --with-unix-socket-path. If you would like to use a different character set from the default of latin1, use --with-charset. Here is an example of how you might configure MySQL with these particular options before building the binary files:
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql \
--with-unix-socket-path=/tmp \
--with-charset=latin2
You can also enter this command on one line without the backslashes.
Several other configuration options are available. To get a complete and current listing of options permitted, enter the following from the command line:
./configure --help
You may also want to look at the latest online documentation for compiling MySQL at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/compilation_problems.html.
Once you’ve decided on any options that you want, run the configure script with these options. It will take quite a while to run, and it will display a great deal of information, which you can ignore usually if it ends successfully. After the configure script finishes, the binaries will need to be built and MySQL needs to be initialized.