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it is, of course, impossible to pass judgement on what might have occurred in other circumstances. Though there is much about the nature of his rule that suggests that it would be unwise to take the emperor’s claims at face value, all that can be said for certain is that, assuming that he did have dreams of a new order, they were never realized. If Napoleon has had any influence in the making of the European Community at all, then it has been, quite literally, in the role of bogeyman.

Notes

Introduction: The Napoleonic Wars in Historical Perspective

1 J. H. Rose, The Revolutionary and Napoleonic Era, 1789-1815 (Cambridge,1907), p.148.

2 Cited in E. Las Cases, Mémorial de Sainte Hélène, ed. G. Walter (Paris,1956 ), vol. II, p.232.

3 Cited in ibid., p.303.

4 As a term ‘Continental Blockade’ is preferable to ‘Continental System’, and in consequence it is this form that will be used for the rest of this book.

1 The Origins of the Napoleonic Wars

1 Cited in P. Fleuriot de Langle (ed.), Napoleon at St Helena: Memoirs of General Bertrand, Grand-Master of the Palace (London,1953), pp.69-70 .

2 Louis F. de Bourrienne, Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte, ed. E. Sanderson (London,1903 ), p.3.

3 J. A. Chaptal, Mes Souvenirs sur Napoléon, ed. A. Chaptal (Paris,1893), p.174.

4 E. Las Cases, Mémorial de Sainte Hélène, ed. G. Walter (Paris,1956), vol. I, p.83.

5 Cited in Bourrienne, Memoirs, p.5.

6 Cited in A. Wilson (ed.), A Diary of St Helena (1816-1817): the Journal of Lady Malcolm containing the Conversations of Sir Pulteney Malcolm with Napoleon (London,1899), p.87.

7 Cited in V. Cronin, Napoleon (London,1971), p.31.

8 P. Jones (ed.), Napoleon: How He Did It - the Memoirs of Baron Fain, First Secretary of the Emperor’s Cabinet (San Francisco,1998), p.181.

9 Bourrienne, Memoirs, p.5.

10 Ibid.

11 S. de Morsier-Kotthaus, Memoirs of the Comtesse de Boigne (London,1956), pp.41-2 .

12 Cited in F. Masson, Napoléon dans sa Jeunesse, 1769-1793 (Paris,1907), p.293.

13 Cited in ibid., p.297.

14 Cited in Wilson, Diary of St Helena, p.88.

15 G. Duruy (ed.), Memoirs of Barras, Member of the Directorate (London,1895), vol. I, p.143.

16 Cited in S. de Chair, Napoleon on Napoleon: an Autobiography of the Emperor (London,1992), p.83.

17 Bourrienne, Memoirs, p.16.

18 A. F. L. de Viesse de Marmont, Mémoires du Maréchal Marmont, Duc de Raguse, de 1792 à 1841 (Paris,1857), vol. I, p.60.

19 Duruy (ed.), Memoirs of Barras, vol. I, p.161.

20 Ibid., p.312.

21 L. Junot, Mémoires de la Duchesse d’Abrantes, ed. G. Girard (Paris,1928-30), vol. I, pp.198-9.

22 Bourrienne, Memoirs, p.18.

23 L. Aldersey White (ed.), The Adventurous Life of Count Lavallette, Bonaparte’s Aide-de-Camp and Postmaster-General, by Himself (London,1936 ), vol. I, p.101.

24 Cited in F. McLynn, Napoleon: a Biography (London,1997), p.87.

25 A. Butler (ed.), The Memoirs of Baron Thiébault, late Lieutenant-General in the French Army (London,1896), vol. I, p.260.

26 Ibid., p.267.

27 Bourrienne, Memoirs, p.22.

28 Cited in J. Howard, Letters and Documents of Napoleon: the Ride to Power (London, 1961), vol. I, p.33.

29 Marmont, Mémoires, vol. I, p.94.

30 J. Hanoteau (ed.), Mémoires de la Reine Hortense (Paris,1927), vol. I, pp.41-2 .

31 Duruy, Memoirs of Barras, vol. II, p.78.

32 Cited in Las Cases, Mémorial, vol. I, p.344.

33 Cited in ibid., vol. I, pp.749-50.

34 Duruy, Memoirs of Barras, vol. II, p.89.

35 Aldersey White, Life of Count Lavallette, vol. I, pp.115-16.

36 Duruy, Memoirs of Barras, vol. II, p.181.

37 Marmont, Mémoires, vol. I, p.86.

38 Duruy, Memoirs of Barras, vol. II, pp.85-6.

39 Marmont, Mémoires, vol. I, p.145.

40 Cited in Las Cases, Mémorial, vol. I, p.98.

41 Cited in McLynn, Napoleon, p.153.

42 Aldersey White, Life of Count Lavallette, p.120.

43 A. L. G. de Staël, Considérations sur les Principaux Evénements de la Révolution Française (London,1819), vol. II, p.175.

44 Cited in Hanoteau, Mémoires de la Reine Hortense, vol. I, pp.45-6.

45 Duruy, Memoirs of Barras, vol. II, p.128.

46 Butler, Memoirs of Baron Thiébault, vol.