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31 Cited in Rosebery, The Wellesley Papers, vol. I, p.143.

32 Cited in P. Mackesy, War without Victory: the Downfall of Pitt, 1799-1802 (Oxford, 1994), p.209.

33 Cited in P. Jupp, Lord Grenville, 1759 - 1834 (Oxford,1985), p.313; see also J. Ehrman, The Younger Pitt, II: the Consuming Struggle (Stanford, California,1997), p.558.

34 Cited in P. Ziegler, Addington: a Life of Henry Addington, First Viscount Sidmouth (London,1965), p.125.

35 Cited in Malmesbury, Diaries and Correspondence, vol. IV, p.61.

3 The Peace of Amiens

1 Cited in E. Las Cases, Le Mémorial de Sainte-Hélène, ed. G. Walter (Paris,1956), vol. II, p.302.

2 J. A. Chaptal, Mes Souvenirs sur Napoléon, ed. A. Chaptal (Paris, 1893), pp.225-6 .

3 A. Thibaudeau, Bonaparte and the Consulate, ed. G. Fortescue (London,1908), p.168.

4 Cited in ibid., p.84.

5 Louis F. de Bourrienne, Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte, ed. E. Sanderson (London, 1903), p.219.

6 Marquis de Noailles (ed.), The Life and Memoirs of Count Molé, 1781-1855 (London, 1923), vol. I, pp.148-9.

7 L. J. Gohier, Mémoires de Louis-Jérome Gohier, Président du Directoire au 18 Brumaire (Paris,1824), vol. II, pp.256-7. The English artist Joseph Farington, who met the First Consul in the course of a visit to Paris in the autumn of 1802, makes a similar point in respect of his costume: ‘He was dressed in blue, much more plain than his officers, which gave him additional consequence, for the power and splendour of his situation was marked by the contrast, as commanding all that brilliant display.’ J. Greig (ed.), The Farington Diary (London,1923), vol. II, p.7.

8 Cited in J. Tulard, Napoleon: the Myth of the Saviour (London,1984), p.134.

9 Cited in Thibaudeau, Bonaparte and the Consulate, p.120.

10 Cited in ibid., p.119.

11 Duc d’Audiffret-Pasquier (ed.), Mémoires du Chancelier Pasquier - Première Partie: Révolution, Consulat, Empire (Paris,1895-1914), vol. I, p.151.

12 J. Fouché, Memoirs of Joseph Fouché, Duke of Otranto, Minister of the General Police of France (London,1892), pp.155-9.

13 Cited in D. M. Stuart, Dearest Bess: the Life and Times of Lady Elizabeth Foster, afterwards Duchess of Devonshire, from her Unpublished Journals and Correspondence (London,1955), p.107.

14 Chaptal, Souvenirs, pp.226-7.

15 Gohier, Mémoires, vol. II, p.106.

16 Noailles, Life and Memoirs, vol. I, pp.79-80.

17 Ibid., pp.84-5.

18 Fouché, Memoirs, pp. 190-91.

19 Cited in Thibaudeau, Bonaparte and the Consulate, p.130.

20 Cited in ibid., pp. 266-7.

21 Cited in ibid., p.249.

22 C. de Rémusat, Mémoires de Madame de Rémusat, 1802 - 1808, ed. P. de Rémusat (Paris,1884), vol. I, pp.103-4, 181-2.

23 Chaptal, Souvenirs, vol. I, pp.333-4.

24 Rémusat, Mémoires, vol. I, pp.105-6.

25 Chaptal, Souvenirs, pp.341-3.

26 Greig, Farington Diary, vol. II, pp.54,87. In the same extract Farington observes, ‘His habitual irritation is also expressed by his cutting the arms of the chair in which he sits while doing business, scratching on the margin of the book that lies before him, etc., etc.’

27 Cited in Stuart, Dearest Bess, p.105 .

28 Cited in Chaptal, Souvenirs, p.299.

29 Thibaudeau, Bonaparte and the Consulate, p.125.

30 Cited in ibid., p.121.

31 Cited in ibid., pp.120-21 .

32 Cited in H. Deutsch, The Genesis of Napoleonic Imperialism (Philadelphia,1975), p.77.

33 Cited in J. F. Bernard, Talleyrand: a Biography (London,1973), p.246.

34 Cited in A. Lobanov-Rostovsky, Russia and Europe, 1789-1825 (Chapel Hill, North Carolina,1947), pp70-71.

35 Comtesse de Choiseul-Gouffier, Historical Memoirs of the Emperor Alexander I and the Court of Russia, ed. M. Patterson (London,1904), p.51.

36 Cited in Deutsch, Genesis of Napoleonic Imperialism, p.58 .

37 Cited in Countess of Minto (ed.), Life and Letters of Sir Gilbert Elliot, First Earl of Minto, from 1751 to 1806 (London,1874), vol. III, pp.259-60.

38 Cited in Earl of Rosebery (ed.), The Wellesley Papers: the Life and Correspondence of Richard Colley Wellesley, Marquess Wellesley, 1760 - 1842 (London1914 ), vol. I, pp.160-61.

39 H. Carnot (ed.), Memoirs of Bertrand