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H J. Edgar Hoover

HC Hoover Collection (J. Edgar Hoover Foundation), Temple of the Supreme Council, Thirty-third Degree, Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, Washington, D. C.

HH Herbert Hoover Papers

HHL Herbert Hoover Library

HIW Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace

HSCA Hearings and Appendices of the House Committee on Assassinations, 1979

HSF Hoover Staff File

HSTL Harry S. Truman Library

HT Harry Truman

IC Hearings before the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities of United States Senate, 94th Congress, 1st Session, 1976

INTPERF Summary Report, The Investigation of the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy: Performance of the Intelligence Agencies, Final Report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, U.S. Senate, Book V, 1976

JFK John F. Kennedy

JFKL John F. Kennedy Library

LAT Los Angeles Times

LBJ Lyndon Baines Johnson

LBJL Lyndon Baines Johnson Library

LC Library of Congress

MLK Martin Luther King, Jr.

NA National Archives

N Richard Nixon

NP Nixon Papers

NYP New York Post

NYT The New York Times

OC Official and Confidential Files (OC 1, for example, refers to OC vol. 1)

POF President’s Official Files, Franklin Delano Roosevelt Library

PC Private Collection (Lou Nichols’ papers)

RFK Robert F. Kennedy

RG65NA Record Group 65, Civil Reference Division of the National Archives (mostly scrapbooks containing Hoover news clippings)

RR FBI Reading Room

SRIA Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports on Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans, Book III, Final Report of Select Committee to Study Governmental Activities, U.S. Senate, 1976

T Clyde Tolson

TSF Tolson Staff File

TWF Tolson Will File, Superior Court of the District of Columbia, Plaintiff Hillory A. Tolson vs. John P. Mohr, Administration No: 868–75

WAC Hearings, Senate Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities, 93rd Congress, 1st Session, 1973–74 (Watergate and Related Activities)

WES Washington Evening Star

WH Washington Herald

WHSF White House Special Files, Nixon Papers

WHT White House Tape transcripts, Watergate Special Prosecution Force File segment, Record Group 460, National Archives

WMP Wayne Morse Papers, University of Oregon

WP The Washington Post

WR Report volume of the President’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, 1964 (WC + number denotes a Warren Commission Volume of Hearings or Exhibits)

WS Washington Star

WT The Washington Times

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Aside from those credited at the front of the book, a vast number of people helped bring this project to fruition. Thanks cannot go to the FBI as an agency, which resented probing and obstructed the proper functioning of the Freedom of Information Act. Nevertheless, FBI historian Susan Falb, Leslie Clemens and Sally Sparks at the Research Unit of the Office of Public Affairs, the Reading Room staff and Larry Heim, editor of The Grapevine, the journal of the Society of Former Agents, were helpful. Dozens of agents and retired agents were interviewed, and the names of those who agreed to be quoted are cited in the Source Notes section. Former Assistant Directors Charles Bates, Cartha DeLoach, Courtney Evans and Mark Felt were all generous with their time. So too was the late Guy Hottel, sometime confidant of both Hoover and Clyde Tolson, who agreed to be interviewed for the first time at the age of eighty-six. Clark Schoaff, guardian of the Hoover memorabilia at the Temple of the Supreme Council, Thirty-third Degree, Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, gave us repeated access to the collection. The sons of two of the men closest to Hoover, John Edgar Nichols and John Edgar Ruch, allowed access to their fathers’ papers and photographs.

My researchers perused the papers of all the presidents Hoover served, and special thanks are due to Raymond Teichman, Supervisory Archivist of the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Library, and William Johnson, Chief Archivist