Pakistan_ A Hard Country - Anatol Lieven [0]
Title Page
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Acronyms
PART ONE - Land, People and History
Chapter 1 - Introduction: Understanding Pakistan
PAKISTAN, AFGHANISTAN AND THE TALEBAN
TOUGHER THAN IT LOOKS
WEAK STATE, STRONG SOCIETIES
‘FEUDALS’
HOW PAKISTAN WORKS
THE NEGOTIATED STATE
A GAMBLE ON THE INDUS
THE PAKISTANI ECONOMY
LIVING IN PAKISTAN
A NOTE ON KINSHIP TERMS
Chapter 2 - The Struggle for Muslim South Asia
‘ISLAM IN DANGER’
RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR RESPONSES
THE GENESIS OF PAKISTAN
THE NEW PAKISTANI STATE
ATTEMPTS AT CHANGE FROM ABOVE
ZULFIKAR ALI BHUTTO
ZIA-UL-HAQ
PART TWO - Structures
Chapter 3 - Justice
THE CUSTOM OF THE COUNTRY
THE POLICE
THE COURTS
THE LAWYERS’ MOVEMENT
THE SHARIAH
NOT QUITE AS BAD AS IT LOOKS
Chapter 4 - Religion
FEUDING THEOLOGIANS
THE LIMITS TO RADICALISM
SAINTLY POLITICIANS
SHRINES AND SUPERSTITION
PURITANS, FUNDAMENTALISTS, REFORMISTS: THE JAMAAT ISLAMI
MILITANTS
Chapter 5 - The Military
AN ARMY WITH A STATE
THE MILITARY FAMILY
HISTORY AND COMPOSITION
INTER-SERVICES INTELLIGENCE, KASHMIR AND THE MILITARY – JIHADI NEXUS
THE PAKISTANI NUCLEAR DETERRENT
Chapter 6 - Politics
THE MILITARY AND POLITICS
HOW THE SYSTEM WORKS
A POLITICIAN’S LIFE
THE MEDIA
THE PAKISTAN PEOPLE’S PARTY (PPP)
THE PAKISTAN MUSLIM LEAGUE (NAWAZ) (PML(N))
THE MUTTAHIDA QAUMI MAHAZ (MQM)
PART THREE - The Provinces
Chapter 7 - Punjab
PAKISTAN’S PROVINCIAL BALANCE
DIFFERENT PUNJABS
LAHORE, THE HISTORIC CAPITAL
PUNJABI HISTORY AND THE IMPACT OF MIGRATION
PUNJAB’S REGIONS
INDUSTRIALISTS
SECTARIANS AND TERRORISTS
MULTAN
Chapter 8 - Sindh
THE HISTORY OF SINDH
INDEPENDENCE AND MOHAJIR – SINDHI RELATIONS
RISE OF THE MQM (MOHAJIR QAUMI MAHAZ OR MOHAJIR PEOPLE’S MOVEMENT)
KARACHI’S ETHNIC FRONT LINES
INTERIOR SINDH
HUNTING BOAR AND LEADING TRIBES
‘FEUDAL’ DOMINATION
EXISTENTIAL THREATS?
Chapter 9 - Balochistan
DISPUTED HISTORY, DISPUTED POPULATION
THE BALOCH INSURGENCY AFTER 2000
BALOCH TRIBALISM
THE TREATMENT OF WOMEN
VISIT TO A BUGTI
PAKISTAN AND BALOCHISTAN
Chapter 10 - The Pathans
THE MOUNTAINS AND THE PLAINS
THE PATHAN TRADITION AND PATHAN NATIONALISM
THE FEDERALLY ADMINISTERED TRIBAL AREAS (FATA)
PATHAN POLITICAL CULTURE
THE AWAMI NATIONAL PARTY (ANP)
JAMIAT-E-ULEMA-E-ISLAM (JUI, COUNCIL OF ISLAMIC CLERICS)
PART FOUR - The Taleban
Chapter 11 - The Pakistani Taleban
THE RISE OF THE PAKISTANI TALEBAN
THE NATURE OF THE PAKISTANI TALEBAN
THE LINEAGE OF THE PAKISTANI TALEBAN
THE MOHMAND AGENCY
Chapter 12 - Defeating the Taleban?
PUBLIC OPINION AND THE TALEBAN
THE ANP AND THE TALEBAN
THE POLICE AND THE ARMY
THE TURNING POINT
THE BACKGROUND TO REVOLT IN SWAT
VISIT TO SWAT
MINGORA TO DOROSHKHEL
Conclusions
Notes
Books Consulted
Glossary
Appendix One: Chronology of Muslim South Asia
Appendix Two: Pakistani Statistics
Index
Copyright Page
In memory of my grandparents,
George Henry Monahan,
Indian Civil Service
Helen Monahan (née Kennedy)
and their son,
Captain Hugh Monahan MC,
5th Royal Gurkha Rifles (Frontier Force)
and in honour of their successors in the civil and military
services of Pakistan, India and Bangladesh
Acknowledgements
This book would not have been possible had it not been for the immense kindness and hospitality of many Pakistanis, who invited me to their homes and talked to me frankly about their lives and their opinions – so many that the great majority will have to go unthanked.
I am especially indebted to Ashraf and Ambrin Hayat and their family in Islamabad. I hope that my prolonged stays with them did not disrupt their lives too much.
Syed Fakr Imam and Syeda Abida Hussain have been most gracious hosts over the years in their various residences, and shared with me their knowledge of politics, history and culture. Najam and Jugnu Sethi have been good friends and kind hosts for an equal time. Naeem Pasha and Kathy Gannon have entertained me more often than I can remember, and Kathy has shared her incomparable knowledge of matters Afghan.