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14. D. Lloyd George, Truth About the Peace Treaties, vol. 1, p. 369; Bonsal, Suitors and Suppliants, p. 20.

15. FRUS, vol. 3, pp. 581–84; Yale University Library, Wiseman diary, 19.1.19.

16. Public Record Office, Cabinet Papers, CAB 29/28, British empire delegation minutes, 2 (20.1.19).

17. Churchill, Aftermath, pp. 243–44.

18. Gilbert, Churchill, vol. 4, p. 231.

19. Mamatey, p. 297; J. M. Thompson, pp. 5–6, 46–50; Knock, pp. 156–57.

20. Noble, p. 270; Ullman, vol. 2, chapter 1.

21. Gilbert, Churchill, vol. 4, pp. 226–27, 230–33; Public Record Office, Cabinet Papers, CAB 29/28, British empire delegation minutes, 8 (17.2.19).

22. Azan, p. 239; Kenez, pp. 180–91; Pipes, pp. 74–75.

23. FRUS, vol. 3, pp. 471–73; vol. 4, pp. 122–23, 379–82; F. Palmer, p. 378.

24. Hovi, pp. 216–17 and passim; FRUS, vol. 4, p. 121; Gilbert, Churchill, vol. 4, p. 254; Public Record Office, Cabinet Papers, CAB 29/28, British empire delegation minutes, 8 (17.2.19).

25. Ministère de la Défense, Clemenceau Papers, 6N72, notes of a conversation at 10 Downing Street, London, 11.12.19; Churchill College, Churchill Papers, Charwell Group, Char 16/20, Lloyd George to Churchill, 16.2.19; Churchill, Aftermath, pp. 266–67; Scottish Record Office, Lothian Papers, 771, 19.2.19, Lloyd George to Kerr, 19.2.19.

26. Figes, p. 575; Ullman, vol. 2, pp. 212–14.

27. Gilbert, Churchill, vol. 4, pp. 264, 286; House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, F/89/2/20, Lloyd George to Kerr, 16.2.19.

28. FRUS, vol. 3, pp. 647–53; Riddell, Intimate Diary, p. 13; C. T. Thompson, p. 133.

29. Debo, p. 18.

30. Fischer, pp. 101–3.

31. J. M. Thompson, pp. 90–91; FRUS, vol. 3, pp. 643–46.

32. National Archives of Canada, Borden diary, 23.1.19; J. M. Thompson, pp. 115–16.

33. J. M. Thompson, pp. 119–22; E. Howard, p. 300.

34. J. M. Thompson, pp. 110–11, 122; Yale University Library, Wiseman diary. 19.1.19; Poincaré, p. 131; Scottish Record Office, Lothian Papers, 1216, Kerr to Lloyd George, 11.2.19.

35. D. Lloyd George, Truth About the Peace Treaties, vol. 1, p. 368; Gilbert, Churchill, vol. 4, pp. 239–43; Churchill, Aftermath, p. 173; FRUS, vol. 3, pp. 1041–44.

36. Public Record Office, Cabinet Papers, CAB 29/28, British empire delegation minutes, 8 (17.2.19); FRUS, vol. 4, pp. 10–21, 28; Yale University Library, House diary, 17.2.19; Callwell, vol. 2, p. 170; Riddell, Intimate Diary, p. 21.

37. Churchill, Aftermath, pp. 176–77; Churchill College, Churchill Papers, Char 16/20, Lloyd George to Churchill, 16.2.19; J. M. Thompson, pp. 141–43; Tillman, p. 141.

38. J. M. Thompson, pp. 149–52.

39. Brownell and Billings, pp. 18–21, 29–33; Farnsworth, pp. 30–33.

40. Steffens, p. 791; Farnsworth, pp. 35–39; J. M. Thompson, pp. 152–58.

41. Farnsworth, p. 40; Steffens, pp. 797–98.

42. Steed, vol. 2, p. 302–6.

43. Ullman, vol. 2, pp. 153–57.

44. Brownell and Billings, pp. 93–98; Farnsworth, pp. 62–63.

45. Hoover, pp. 118–19, 247–49.

46. Ibid., pp. 120–22.

47. Huntford, pp. 488–89; J. M. Thompson, pp. 263–67.

48. Pipes, pp. 9–14.

49. Churchill, Aftermath, p. 186; P. Mantoux, vol. 2, pp. 193–95, 333–34.

CHAPTER 7: THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS

1. Yale University Library, Auchincloss diary, 28.1.19, 29.1.19.

2. Henig, pp. 164–66.

3. Kissinger, p. 161; M. Howard, chapters 1–3.

4. H. Nicolson, Peacemaking, pp. 31–32.

5. House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, F/117/1/3, Imperial War Cabinet, 1918, minutes of meetings, 46 (24 December 1918); Egerton, “The Lloyd George Government,” p. 431; Cecil, All the Way, pp. 153–56.

6. Noble, pp. 99–104; PWW, vol. 54, p. 235; Cecil, Great Experiment, p. 59.

7. Temperley, vol. 1, p. 447.

8. Willert, pp. 152–53; Hunter Miller, Drafting of the Covenant, vol. 1, p. 122.

9. Egerton, Great Britain and the Creation of the League of Nations, pp. 65–69; Willert, pp. 152–53.

10. National Archives of Canada, Biggar Papers, letter of 30.3.19; Jones, vol. 1, p. 28.

11. Hancock, pp. 1–51.

12. Hancock and van der Poel, vol. 4, pp. 10–16.

13. Clemenceau, p. 141; Public