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18. House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, 52/2/52, Derby to Balfour, 14.12.18; Keiger, pp. 251, 256–57; J. C. King, chapter 1.

19. Yale University Library, House diary, 9.2.19; Scott, p. 372; House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, 60/2/42, notes of an interview with the president, 23.1.18; F/147/1, “Notes of an interview between M. Clemenceau, Colonel House and myself, 7.3.19.”

20. Nelson, p. 113 [my translation].

21. McCrum, p. 626, n. 10.

22. D. Lloyd George, Truth About the Peace Treaties, vol. 1, pp. 386, 398–99; Tardieu, p. 171; Mordacq, Le ministère Clemenceau, vol. 3, p. 118; Duroselle, p. 748; Scottish Record Office, Lothian Papers, 1217, Lloyd George to Kerr, 12.2.19.

23. Churchill College, Hankey Papers, 1/5 diary, 27.8.18; PWW, vol. 56, p. 86; Nelson, pp. 204–5; Seymour, p. 226.

24. Tardieu, pp. 147–67; D. Lloyd George, Truth About the Peace Treaties, vol. 1, p. 396; PWW, vol. 55, p. 480; Nelson, p. 209.

25. Scottish Record Office, Lothian Papers, 1174, notes of a conversation of 11.3.19.

26. PWW, vol. 55, pp. 488, 499.

27. D. Lloyd George Truth About the Peace Treaties, vol. 1, pp. 247–48; PWW, vol. 55, pp. 152–53.

28. PWW, vol. 55, p. 530; Walworth, Wilson and His Peacemakers, p. 204; Callwell, vol. 2, p. 174.

29. D. Lloyd George, Truth About the Peace Treaties, vol. 1, pp. 601–3.

30. FRUS, vol. 4, p. 249; PWW, vol. 55, p. 522; Marder, vol. 5, p. 251.

31. FRUS, vol. 4, pp. 224–25, 365; Marder, vol. 5, p. 254; Yale University Library, House Papers, series I/10 0293, Grey to House, 3.6.19; Scottish Record Office, Lothian Papers, 65/49–54, notes on Heligoland, 14.4.19; P. Mantoux, vol. 1, pp. 252–56.

32. FRUS, vol. 3, p. 475; Marder, pp. 257–62.

33. Dingman, p. 84; P. Mantoux, vol. 1, p. 377; PWW, vol. 55, pp. 515–21; vol. 57, p. 92.

34. PWW, vol. 55, p. 458; vol. 57, p. 91; Marder, vol. 5, pp. 228–30, 263–64; House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, F/147/1, “Notes of an interview between M. Clemenceau, Colonel House and myself, 7.3.19.”

35. PWW, vol. 56, pp. 338, 518–19; Marder, vol. 5, pp. 231–34.

36. Marder, vol. 5, p. 269.

CHAPTER 15: FOOTING THE BILL

1. House and Seymour, p. 259.

2. Public Record Office, Cabinet Papers, CAB 29/28, British empire delegation minutes, 34 (1.6.19, P.M.).

3. See, for example, Schuker, American “Reparations”; Marks, “Reparations Reconsidered”; Marks, “The Myths of Reparations.”

4. Keynes, Economic Consequences, pp. 41–45; Skidelsky, vol. 1, p. 389.

5. Keynes, Economic Consequences, p. 36; Keynes, Two Memoirs, p. 20.

6. Keynes, Economic Consequences, p. 7.

7. Skidelsky, vol. 1, pp. 384–91.

8. Burnett, vol. 1, pp. 1011–14, 1018; Silverman, p. 145, and chapter 5, passim; Schuker, The End of French Predominance, p. 9.

9. Trachtenberg, Reparation in World Politics, pp. 1–10; Ministères des Affaires Etrangères, Série à Paix, 59, “Conditions de la Paix: Notes et études sur les conditions de la paix à obtenir et les clauses à insérer dans les traités de paix à signer. Résumé des voeux et avis du Bureau d’Etudes Economiques”; Duchêne, p. 40.

10. PWW, vol. 54, pp. 196, 431, 494; House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, F6/6/49, Cecil to Lloyd George, 31.5.19, and F89/2/35, Kerr to Lloyd George, 28.2.19; D. Lloyd George, Truth About Reparations and War Debts, chapter 9; House and Seymour, p. 484; Silverman, pp. 32–35; Kent, pp. 40–43.

11. Rowland, p. 494; C. T. Thompson, p. 236; Yale University Library, House diary, 21.2.19.

12. Burnett, vol. 1, pp. 31–32; Public Record Office, Cabinet Papers, CAB 29/28, British empire delegation minutes, 13 (13.3.19).

13. Baruch, pp. 5–7.

14. Burnett, vol. 1, p. 34; Hardach, pp. 156–60; Schuker, American “Reparations,” p. 20.

15. Burnett, vol. 1, pp. 33, 514; Public Record Office, Cabinet Papers, CAB 29/28, British empire delegation minutes, 33 (1.6.19, A.M.).

16. Burnett, vol. 1, pp. 4–8, 21; B. Kent, p. 69.

17. Bunselmeyer, p. 174, n. 9; Public Record Office, Cabinet Papers,