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49. P. Mantoux, vol. 1, p. 306.

50. Aldrovandi Marescotti, Guerra diplomatica, pp. 239, 250, 255, 257, 262.

51. Library of Congress, Baker notebooks, 25.4.19; Baker, Woodrow Wilson and World Settlement, vol. 2, p. 129.

52. P. Mantoux, vol. 1, pp. 308, 315–7; Riddell, Intimate Diary, p. 56.

53. Aldrovandi Marescotti, Guerra diplomatica, pp. 257–65; Mordacq, Le ministère Clemenceau, vol. 3, p. 231; Riddell, Intimate Diary, p. 56.

54. Steed, vol. 2, p. 329; Mayer, pp. 701–2; Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, Série à Paix, vol. 317, report from the French consul in Turin, 28.4.19; Baerlein, vol. 1, p. 138.

55. Scottish Record Office, Lothian Papers, 66, 6–15; Mayer, pp. 707–8, 710–11; Woodhouse, p. 319.

56. C. T. Thompson, pp. 335, 342; Seton-Watson, Italy, p. 532, n. 2.

57. University Microfilms International, Sonnino Papers, reel 40, 479, 486, 488; Albrecht-Carrié, pp. 153–55.

58. Seymour, p. 266.

59. Library of Congress, Baker notebooks, 30.5.19; Aldrovandi Marescotti, Guerra diplomatica, p. 357; Albrecht-Carrié, p. 168.

60. Library of Congress, Baker notebooks, 19.5.19; Aldrovandi Marescotti, Nuovi ricordi, pp. 100, 106; Seton-Watson, Italy, p. 539; Orlando, p. 484; Baerlein, vol. 1, p. 139; House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Papers, 56/2/27, Rodd to Lloyd George, 6.5.19.

61. Albrecht-Carrié, pp. 167–73; Seton-Watson, Italy, p. 533; Aldrovandi Marescotti, Nuovi ricordi, p. 33.

62. Orlando, pp. 482–83; See Bodleian Library, Milner Papers, 46/2, Rodd to Milner, 30.6.19; Seton-Watson, Italy, p. 535.

63. Ledeen, pp. 102–3, 148–49; Woodhouse, p. 341.

64. Ledeen, pp. 145–46.

65. Ibid., pp. 88, 95–97; Seton-Watson, Italy, pp. 546–47.

66. Ledeen, p. 108.

67. Tillman, pp. 382–83; F. Stevenson, p. 192.

68. Temperley, vol. 4, pp. 329–30.

69. Seton-Watson, Italy, p. 582.

70. Woodhouse, pp. 371, 379.

71. Rodd, p. 384.

CHAPTER 23: JAPAN AND RACIAL EQUALITY

1. Bonsal, Suitors and Suppliants, p. 239.

2. Nish, Japanese Foreign Policy, pp. 4–5.

3. Aldrovandi Marescotti, Guerra diplomatica, p. 337.

4. Temperley, vol. 1, p. 259; Seymour, pp. 177–78; Baker, What Wilson Did, p. 73.

5. House, Intimate Papers, vol. 4, p. 304; Curry, p. 251; Nish, Japanese Foreign Policy, p. 117; Nish, Alliance in Decline, p. 267.

6. Connors, pp. 60–61.

7. Bonsal, Suitors and Suppliants, pp. 231–32.

8. Ibid., p. 233.

9. Kumao pp. 24–25; Connors, p. 3.

10. Kumao, pp. 24–25; Connors, p. 3.

11. Clemenceau, p. 140; Kumao, pp. 26, 40.

12. Kumao, pp. 23–4, 26, 38, 63.

13. Cambridge History of Japan, vol. 6, pp. 386, 433; Connors, pp. 14–16.

14. Hunter, p. 119.

15. Duus, p. 134.

16. Connors, pp. 15, 18–19, 22, 109–10.

17. Yamagata Aritomo, quoted in Nish, Alliance in Decline, p. 255; Nish, Alliance in Decline, pp. 127–31; Cambridge History of Japan, vol. 6, p. 279.

18. Curry, p. 197; Nish, Alliance in Decline, pp. 258–59.

19. Nish, Japanese Foreign Policy, p. 282; Chi, China Diplomacy, p. 86; Dingman, p. 57; Nish, Alliance in Decline, p. 217.

20. La Fargue, p. 46.

21. Dingman, p. 76.

22. Ibid., p. 43.

23. Neu, pp. 127–29, 131–32; Chi, “Ts’ao Ju-lin,” p. 103; M. D. Kennedy, pp. 41, 44; Dingman, p. 58.

24. Nish, Alliance in Decline, pp. 196, 227, n. 48, 232; Fifield, Woodrow Wilson and the Far East, p. 111; FRUS, vol. 3, p. 506.

25. Nish, Alliance in Decline, p. 267.

26. Fifield, Woodrow Wilson and the Far East, p. 141, 191; Nish, Alliance in Decline, p. 267; Curry, pp. 131–32, 137–38; Beers, p. 70; Hunter Miller, My Diary, vol. 1, p. 100.

27. FRUS, vol. 3, pp. 739–40; Geddes, pp. 32–37; P. Mantoux, vol. 1, p. 312.

28. Fifield, “Disposal of the Carolines,” pp. 472–79.

29. Nish, Alliance in Decline, p. 172; Lauren, pp. 260–61.

30. FRUS, vol. 1, p. 494; Kawamura, pp. 51–52.

31. Yale University Library, House diary, 4.2.19; Scottish Record Office, Lothian Papers, 37–40, notes dictated on Monday 10 February, 1919; Hunter Miller, Drafting of the Covenant, vol. 1, pp. 183–84; Bonsal, Unfinished Business, p. 33.

32. Hunter Miller, Drafting of the Covenant,