Perfect Murder, Perfect Town - Lawrence Schiller [323]
EPub © Edition JANUARY 2006 ISBN: 9780061868238
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* Victim assistance advocates serve crime victims but are employees of law enforcement. Their job is to minimize the victims’ trauma. They are trained to recognize and meet the emotional needs of victims and/or their loved ones, whether it is to listen to their story or create an emotionally safe environment.
* A phone tap provides direct access to a conversation so that it can be recorded or monitored. A phone trap collects data from the telephone company, which includes the telephone number called or caller ID and the names that are listed in association with the number.
* Sudden infant death syndrome.
* Before any interrogation of a person taken into custody, the person must be warned 1) that he has a right to remain silent; 2) that any statement he makes can be used as evidence against him; 3) that he has the right to the presence of an attorney; 4) that if he cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for him prior to any questioning if he so desires; 5) that he may end the questioning at any time. The instruction stems from a case in which a suspect, Ernesto Miranda, was tricked into confessing by being told that he had been picked out of a lineup.
* Case: Schmerber v. California, decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1966 [384 U.S. 757, opinion by Justice Brennan, 5-4 decision]. The Colorado Rules of Criminal Procedure [Rule 41.1] authorize any judge to issue an order requiring a person to supply such non-testimonial materials if there are reasonable grounds to believe the person committed a criminal offense. Reasonable grounds is a lenient standard, amounting to less than probable cause.
* DNA is the abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid, the genetic material that is the “blueprint” for the development of every living thing. Except in the case of identical twins, every individual’s DNA is unique and unchanging throughout life. It is found in cells from skin, blood, hair follicles (although not the shaft), saliva, and semen. In 1984 researchers at Leicester University in England invented a technique for recording segments of DNA in a pattern resembling a grocery bar code.
* Barry Scheck is codirector of the Innocence Project at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law in New York, which uses DNA testing to exonerate inmates wrongfully convicted of crimes. Mr. Scheck is also commissioner of New York’s Forensic Science Review Board, an agency charged with creating the states’s DNA databank. “In 11 cases where DNA testing has exonerated a wrongly convicted person,” Scheck wrote in Newsweek on November 16, 1998, “DNA has also led to finding the real perpetrator.”
* An RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) test is a sophisticated DNA test measuring varying lengths of DNA strands produced by their reaction to a specific enzyme. The results can yield ratios demonstrating that the likelihood of two people having the same genetic patterns is hundreds