Piracy_ The Intellectual Property Wars from Gutenberg to Gates - Adrian Johns [314]
25 Peter, Truth in opposition to ignorant and malicious falshood, 27-29, 32-33.
26 Peter, Truth in opposition to ignorant and malicious falshood, 47-48, ¢.
27 W. Eamon, Science and the Secrets of Nature: Books of Secrets in Medieval and Early Modern Culture (Princeton, N .J.: Princeton University Press, 1994). For Boyle's exchanges, see M. Hunter, "The Reluctant Philanthropist: Robert Boyle and the `Communication of Secrets and Receits in Physick,"' in Religio Medici: Medicine and Religion in ,Seventeenth-Century England, ed. O. P. Grell andA. Cunningham (Aldershot: Scolar Press, 1996), 247-72.
28 J. W. Estes, "The European Reception of the First Drugs from the New World," Pharmacy in History 37, no.' (1995):3-23, esp. 7,15.
29 R. Palmer, "Pharmacy in the Republic of Venice," in The Medical Renaissance of the Sixteenth Century, ed. A. Wear, R. K. French, and I. M. Lonie (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), 100-117, esp. io6, rr7; also 307.
3o B. Woodcroft, ed., Abridgments ofSpecifications Relating to Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, 2nd ed. (London: Office of the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions, 1872),1-2; B. Woodcroft, ed., Abridgments of Specifications Relating to Brewing Wine-Making and DistillingAlcoholic Liquids (London: Office of the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions, 1881), 1-5. It is worth noting that these publications were themselves in part contributions to a later debate on the moral, economic, and scientific value of patenting, described in chapter m below.
31 P. Vergil, On Discovery, ed. and trans. B. P. Copenhaver (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002),159.
32 M. Pelling, Medical Conflicts in Early Modern London: Patronage, Physicians, and Irregular Practitioners, 1550-1640 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2003), 10. See also the marvelous evocation of this culture two generations earlier in D. Harkness, The Jewel House: Elizabethan London and the Scientific Revolution (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2007), 57-96.
33 Pelling, Medical Conflicts, is a brilliant analysis of this situation.
34 [Coxe], Discourse, 5o-5i.
35 [Coxe], Discourse, I2, 46.
36 P. Hunting, A History of the Society ofApothecaries (London: Society of Apothecaries, 1998), 14, 23, 45-7-
37 Hunting, History of the Society ofApothecaries, 48.
38 E. W. Stieb, "Drug Adulteration and Its Detection, in the Writings of Theophrastus, Dioscorides, and Pliny,"Journal mondiale depharmacie 2 (1958):117-34, esp. 121. In general, see E. W. Stieb, DrugAdulteration: Detection and Control in Nineteenth-Century Britain (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1966), 3-50.
39 A. P. Favre, De la sophistication des substances medicamenteuses, et des moyens de la reconnaitre (Paris: D. Colas and A. P. Favre, 1812), x-xi.
4o R. Porter and D. Porter, "The Rise of the English Drugs Industry: The Role ofThomas Corbyn," Medical History 33 (1989): 277-95, esp. 293-94.
41 Peter, Truth in opposition to ignorant and malicious falshood, 37.
42 B. B. Kaplan, `Divulging of useful truths in physick".• The MedicalAgenda of Robert Boyle (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993), 130-3r; A. Wear, Knowledge and Practice in English Medicine, 1550-1680 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 384-87.
43 G. Sonnedecker, "The Founding Period of the U.S. Pharmacopeia: I," Pharmacy in History 35, no. 4 (1993): 151-62, esp. 153.
44 Pharmacopoeia Londinensis (London: fort. Marriot, 1618), [216] (note that Marriot took care to have his privilege printed among the introductory materials of the volume too); B. Wolley, Heal Thyself.• Nicholas Culpeper and the,Seventeenth-Century ,Struggle to Bring Medicine to the People (New York: HarperCollins, 2004).
45 Compare C. Merrett, A Short view of the frauds, and abuses committed by apothecaries (London: printed fort. Allestry, Printer to the Royal Society, 1669), 9.
46 See, in general, Stieb, DrugAdulteration, 3-34.
47 [Coxe}, Discourse, 26; Grew, Treatise, title page; L. M. Beier, "Experience and Experiment: Robert Hooke, Illness, and Medicine," in Robert Hooke: