Piracy_ The Intellectual Property Wars from Gutenberg to Gates - Adrian Johns [316]
9 J. How, Some thoughts on the presentstate ofprinting and bookselling (London: n.p., 1709), i6; [D. Defoe], An essay on the regulation of thepress (London: n p., 1704),19-21; Q. Addison], The thoughts ofa Tory author, concerning the press (London: for A. Baldwin, 1712), 6; Tatter ioi (November 29December i, 1709); [D. Defoe], "Miscellanea," A Review of the state of the British nation 6, no. 91 (November 3, 1709).
10 M. Rose, Authors and Owners: The Invention of Copyright (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993), 36, 42-47.
11 Feather, Publishing Piracy and Politics, 68-69. For the counterpart strategy among patentees, see C. MacLeod, Inventing the Industrial Revolution: The English Patent System,166o-18oo (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), 59.
12 A. I. Macinnes, Union and Empire: The Making of the United Kingdom in 1707 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 20o7); K. Bowie, Scottish Public Opinion and theAnglo-Scottish Union, 1699-1707 (Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell/Royal Historical Society, 2007); Hoppit, LandofLiberty, 252-57.
13 The "three kingdoms" problem-that of reigning over three distinct realms, England, Scotland, and Ireland, with discrete and often irreconcilable interests-was in the 199os often identified as the basic cause of the mid-seventeenth-century upheavals. See, for example, C. Russell, The Fall of the British Monarchies, 1637-1642 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991).
14 R. Foulis to [William Murray}, December 20,1754: D. W. Nichol, Pope's Literary Legacy: The Book-Trade Correspondence of William Warburton and john Knapton with Other Letters andDocuments i744-r78o (Oxford: Oxford Bibliographical Society, 1992), io5-6.
15 A. Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, ed. R. H. Campbell, A. S. Skinner, and W. B. Todd, 2 vols. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976), 2:630 (IV.vii.c.89).
16 W. McDougall, "Gavin Hamilton, John Balfour and Patrick Neill: A Study of Publishing in Edinburgh in the 18th Century" (Ph.D. thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1974),117,120.
17 The pleadings of the counsel before the House ofLords, in the great cause concern- ingliteraryproperty (London: for C. Wilkin, S.Axtell,J.Axtell, andJ. Browne, [1774]), 3; A Letter to a Member of Parliament concerning the bill now depending in the House of Commons, for making more effectual an act in the 8th year of the reign of QueenAnne (broadside, n.p., n.d. [17351); Tonson v. Collins (Trin. 1 Geo. III, KB, and Mich. 2 Geo. III, KB: , Black. W. 301, 322), 342.
18 J. M. Vaughn, "The Politics of Empire: Metropolitan Socio-Political Development and the Imperial Transformation of the British East India Company, 1675-1775" (Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 2008), ch. 3.
19 [W. Warburton], A letter from an author, to a member of Parliament, concerning Literary Property (London: fort. and P. Knapton,1747), 5; F. Hargrave, An argument in defence of literary property (London: for the author, 1774), 28-29; A letter from anAuthor to a member ofparliament, (London, April 17,1735; JohnJohnson Collection, Oxford).
20 Hargrave, Argument, 32.
21 McDougall, "Gavin Hamilton," 124-25.
22 Feather, Publishing Piracy and Politics, 72-74.
23 Memorial for the booksellers of Edinburgh and Glasgow (n.p., n.d.) [Midwinter v. Hamilton, c. 1748], 3.
24 Sher, Enlightenment and the Book, 275-94; W. McDougall, "Copyright Litigation in the Court of Session, 1738-1749, and the Rise of the Scottish Book Trade," Edinburgh BibliographicalSociety Transactions 5, no. 5 (1985-87): 2-31, esp. 23, 25.
25 McDougall, "Copyright Litigation," 6-8.
26 U. Maclaurin, Lord Dreghorn], Considerations on the Nature and Origin of Literary Property (n.p.: printed for Robert Taylor, 1768 [orig. 1767]), 26.
27 McDougall, "Copyright Litigation," 14-22.
28 Nichol, Pope's Literary Legacy, 43-45.
29 [A. Donaldson], Some thoughts on the state of literary property (London: for A. Donaldson, 1764),11-17-
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