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75 The literary property debates later came back to haunt Watt: see Boulton and Watt v. Bull (1795), in Carpmael, Law Reports, 117-55, esp. 126; and in general, MacLeod, Inventing the Industrial Revolution, 60-64.

76 W. Kenrick, An account of the automaton constructed by Orffyreus (London: n.p., 1770); W. Kenrick, A lecture on the perpetual motion (London: for the author, 1771); [W. Kenrick?], `A defence of Dr. Priestley from the cavils of the Monthly Reviewers," London Review 2 (1775): 564-67; H. Dircks, Peipetuum Mobile (London: E. & F. N. Spon,1861), 53-59, 178; S.J. Schaffer, "The ShowThat Never Ends: Perpetual Motion in the Early Eighteenth Century," BritishJournal for the History ofScience 28, no. 2 (June 1995): 157-89.

77 "Ontologos" [W. Kendrick], The grand question debated (Dublin: for G. Wilson, 1751), v-

78 W. Kenrick, An address to the artists and manufacturers of Great Britain (London: for Messrs. Doraville, Dilly, Newbery, Williams, Evans, and Riley, 1774),40,49-50,54,57-6o.

79 Kenrick, Address, 64-65, 68; Boswell, Decision, io, 12.

7 THE LAND WITHOUT PROPERTY

I M. Pollard, A Dictionary of Members of the Dublin Book Trade, -1550--1800 (London: Bibliographical Society, 2000), 618; B. Inglis, The Freedom of the Press in Ireland, 1784--1841 (London: Faber and Faber, 1954), 21.

2 W. Zachs, "John Murray and the Dublin Book Trade, 1770-93; with Special Reference to the `Mysterious' Society of Dublin Booksellers," LongRoom 40 (1995): 26-33, esp. 27.

3 E. Sheridan-Quantz, "The Multi-centered Metropolis: The Social Topography of Eighteenth-Century Dublin," in Two Capitals: London and Dublin, -1500--1840, ed. P. Clark and R. Gillespie (Oxford: British Academy, 2001), 265-96, esp. 280-82.

4 R. C. Cole, Irish Booksellers andEnglish Writers, 1740-r8oo (London: Mansell, 1986), 9-10; J. R. R. Adams, The Printed Word and the Common Man: Popular Culture in Ulster,1700-rgoo (Antrim: Queen's University of Belfast, 1987), 25.

5 S.J.Connolly,Religion, Law, andPower: The Making ofProtestant Ireland, 1660--1760 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992), 68; C. Casey, "Subscription Networks for Irish Architectural Books, 173o-176o," LongRoom 35 (1990): 41-49, esp. 41-43.

6 T. Barnard, "Print Culture, 1700-1800," in The Oxford History of the Irish Book, III: The Irish Book in English, r55o-r8oo, ed. R. Gillespie and A. Hadfield (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 20o6),34-58, esp. 56; J. Smyth, The Men of No Property: Irish Radicals and Popular Politics in the Late Eighteenth Century (NewYork: St. Martin's, 1998 [19921), 27-29; M. Pollard, Dublins Trade in Books, r55o-r8oo (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989), 110-64, esp. 132-33; Cole, Irish Booksellers and English Writers, 14-17, 22-27, 31-34.

7 National Library of Ireland (NLI) MS 12124, pp. 239-41, 247; R. E. Foster, Modern Ireland, 1600-1972 (NewYork: Viking Penguin, 1988), 238-39.

8 Pollard, Dublins Trade in Books, 68-69; Pollard, Dictionary, 133; J. W Phillips, Printing andBookselling in Dublin, 1670-r8oo (Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1998), 104.

9 Cole, Irish Booksellers and English Writers, 22, 40-42, 46-47.

10 Pollard, Dublins Trade in Books, 83-84.

11 Cole, Irish Booksellers and English Writers, 2-3; Pollard, Dublins Trade in Books, 83-84; W. McDougall, "Gavin Hamilton, John Balfour and Patrick Neill: A Study of Publishing in Edinburgh in the 18th Century" (Ph.D. thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1974), 20; National Archives, Kew, Cust 21/71, fol. 1661. The books'value in this case was estimated at about £4 out of a total of almost £Ioo, which indicates the small economic role of book smuggling.

12 M. Rose, Authors and Owners: The Invention of Copyright (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993), 151-53; Pollard, Dublin's Trade in Books, 69; T. Maslen, "George Faulkner and William Bowyer: The London Connection," LongRoom 38 (1993): 20-30, esp. 23; Zachs, "John Murray," 27.

13 S. Richardson, The case of, SamuelRichardson (London: n.p, September 14, 1753); Dublin Spy, October 29,1753;