Pox_ An American History - Michael Willrich [208]
31 Judge Charles Kerr, ed., History of Kentucky (New York: American Historical Society, 1922), vol. 4: 450. John E. Kleber, ed., The Kentucky Encyclopedia (Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1992), 592. The best sources on J. N. McCormack’s ideas and work are the reports of the state board.
32 KBOH 1898–99, 28.
33 J. N. McCormack viewed the quarantine power as “an indispensable weapon” against “counties and towns whose authorities failed or refused to adopt proper precautions against the disease.” KBOH 1900–01, 11. For an example of such a quarantine order (issued against Greenup County in December 1900), see ibid., 12. See also “Small-Pox Up-to-Date,” MWR, Feb. 17, 1898, 2.
34 “Small-Pox Victim Dies,” LMH, Feb. 13, 1898, 8. “Small-Pox Up-to-Date,” MWR, Feb. 17, 1898, 2. “Spreading,” LMH, Feb. 15, 1898, 8. On the Ball brothers, see Matheny, Magic City, 141–54.
35 “Smallpox in Middlesboro,” WP, Feb. 16, 1898, 9. “Small-Pox Up-to-Date,” MWR, Feb. 17, 1898, 2. “Uncle Sam Fumigating,” ibid., Feb. 24, 1898, 1. The advertisements appeared in ibid., Feb. 17, 1898, 1.
36 “Small-Pox: Situation More Grave,” MWR, Mar. 3, 1898, 6. “Laws, Rules and Regulations,” 177.
37 A. T. McCormack’s brief report on the smallpox epidemic at Middlesboro appears in KBOH 1898–99, 47–48.
38 A. T. McCormack’s report.
39 Short, untitled reports of postvaccination illnesses appear in the MWR, Dec. 9, 1897, 3; Feb. 24, 1898, 1; Mar. 10, 1898, 1–2.
40 Untitled editorial, MWR, Mar. 3, 1898, 4. Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 ( 1896).
41 A. T. McCormack’s report, 47. “Small-Pox: Situation More Grave,” MWR, Mar. 3, 1898, 6.
42 A. T. McCormack’s report, 47–48. C. P. Wertenbaker, “Smallpox at Middlesborough, Ky.,” PHR, 13 (Mar. 25, 1898), 273–74.
43 KBOH 1898–99, 48. Untitled Editorial, MWR, Mar. 10, 1898, 4.
44 Much of the correspondence arising from this episode is reprinted in KBOH 1898–99, 47–61. Fifty-fifth U.S. Congress, Congressional Directory ( Washington, 1897), 52. For an excellent history of federal disaster relief, see Michele Landis Dauber, “The Sympathetic State,” Law and History Review, 23 (2005): 387–442.
45 KBOH 1898–99, 48–49. The emphasis in Colson’s quotation is mine.
46 Walter Wyman to C. P. Wertenbaker, Mar 10, 1898, CPWL, vol. 1.
47 I have formed my impressions of Wertenbaker by reading his personal papers and letter books (collected at the Library of the University of Virginia) and his published dispatches and reports. For an overview of his career, see “Death, Here, of Noted Surgeon,” Daily Progress (Charlottesville, VA), July 13, 1916, 1.
48 Wertenbaker, “Smallpox at Middlesborough,” 273.
49 Ibid., 274. “Death of Dr. A. T. McCormack” (U.S. Children’s Bureau), The Child, 8 (1943), 47.
50 Wertenbaker, “Smallpox at Middlesborough,” 273–74. “Investigating,” LMH, Mar. 15, 1898, 3. “Spreading,” ibid., Mar. 15, 1898, 8. “The Smallpox Situation at Middlesboro,” Grand Forks Herald (North Dakota), Mar. 15, 1898, 8. See also C. P. Wertenbaker, “One Case of Smallpox in Wilmington, N.C.,” PHR, 13 (Jan. 14, 1898), 25; C. P. Wertenbaker, “Investigation of Smallpox at Charlotte, N.C.,” PHR, 13 (Feb. 18, 1898), 140–41.1.
51 Untitled editorial, MWR, Mar. 10, 1898, 4. “Smallpox Situation at Middlesboro.” “Starving in a Pesthouse,” NYT, Mar. 15, 1898, 3. “Seventy Cases of Smallpox,” AC, Mar. 16, 1898, 5. Wertenbaker, “Smallpox at Middlesborough,” 274.
52 “Uncle Sam to the Rescue,” MWR, Mar. 17, 1898, 3. KBOH, 1898–9, 49.
53 A. T. McCormack’s report, 47.
54 Ibid., 49–50.
55 Ibid., 50.
56 Ibid.
57 Ibid.
58 Ibid., 51.
59 Ibid.
60 “Uncle Sam in Charge of the Small-Pox Cases at Middlesboro,” LMH, Mar. 20, 1898, 5.
61 For a useful short history of public health in Jefferson County, see “History,” Jefferson County Department of Health Web site, http://www.jcdh.org/default.asp?ID=10, accessed January 25, 2007. In one of his several irate letters to Walter Wyman regarding the Service takeover at Middlesboro, Secretary J. N. McCormack of