Red Moon Rising Sputnik and the Rivalries That Ignited the Space Age - Matthew Brzezinski [169]
“The colored children [were] removed to their homes for safety purposes”:
The Mann telegram is available online at the Eisenhower Library under telegrammanntopresident92457 at http://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/dl/LittleRock/littlerockdocuments.html.
“Troops not to enforce integration”: Ibid., under DEtroopstoArkansas at http://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/dl/LittleRock/littlerockdocuments.html.
“A weak President”: Halberstam, The Fifties, p. 987.
7: A Simple Satellite
142 The meeting had not gone as Korolev had hoped: The narrative of this account is drawn primarily from K. V. Gerchik, Proryv v Kosmos (Moscow: Veles, 1994), though the opinions of its participants are drawn from a wide array of sources listed below.
143 “I suggest we begin preparations to launch”: Gerchik, Proryv v Kosmos, p. 29.
“This proposal was a big surprise”: Ibid.
“All these space projects”: Semenov, ed., Raketno Kosmicheskaya Korporatsiya Energiya, p. 87.
144 an unrealistic time frame: V. V. Favorskiy and I. V Meshcheryakov, eds., Voyenno-Kosmicheskiye Sily: Kosmonavtika I Vooruzhennyye Sily, vol. 1 (Moscow: Sankt-Peterburgskoy Tipografia Nauka, 1997), p. 34.
“The Directorate of Missile Weapons”: Yuri Mozzhorin, Tak Eto Bilo (Moscow: Tsnimash, 2000), p. 71.
“development of an artificial satellite for photographing the earth’s surface”: Vetrov, ed., S. P. Korolev I Ego Delo, p. 232.
145 who had been the youngest member ever elected to the prestigious Academy of Sciences: Akademiya Nauk SSSR: Membership Directory, vol. 2 (Moscow: Nauka, 1974), p. 61.
Korolev’s greatest proponent was openly skeptical: Siddiqi, Sputnik and the Soviet Space Challenge, p. 154.
146 which, at Tyura-Tam, was just over 1,000 feet per second: Ivan V. Meshcheryakov, V Mire Kosmonovtiki (Novgorod: Russian Merchant Publishers, 1996), pp. 45-46.
147 “Why, Sergei Pavlovich?” and “Because it’s not round”: Golovanov, Korolev, p. 535.
The silver-zinc chargers alone weighed 122 pounds, providing power: Valentin Glushko, ed., Kosmonavtika Entsiklopediya (Moscow: Sovetskaya Entsiklopedia, 1985), pp. 290-91.
“Mindless malice”: Cadbury, Space Race, p. 159.
148 “Do you know when Russia will build the bomb?”: Halberstam, The Fifties, p. 25.
“German scientists in Russia did it”: David McCullough, Truman (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992), p. 748.
149 The mutineers had been dealt with: Taubman, Khrushchev, pp. 368-69.
“Nobody wanted to be accused of dragging their feet”: Gerchik, Proryv v Kosmos, p. 30.
150 the commission formally informed the Kremlin that PS-1 was scheduled for liftoff on October 6, 1957: Siddiqi, Sputnik and the Soviet Space Challenge, p. 165.
It was model number 8k71PS, sixteen feet shorter: Timofei Varfolomeev, “Soviet Rocketry Conquered Space,” part 1, Spaceflight Magazine (UK), August 1995, pp. 260-63.
151 “Silence fell whenever the Chief Designer appeared”: Harford, Korolev, p. 129.
which sat on a felt-covered cradle in a sealed-off “clean room”: Semenov, ed., Raketno Kosmicheskaya Korporatsiya Energiya, p. 90.
“Coats, gloves, it’s a must”: Cadbury, Space Race, p. 161.
Tikhonravov had pressurized the sphere with nitrogen: Glushko, ed., Kosmonavtika Entsiklopediya, pp. 290-91.
“I saw a crowd gathered around the satellite”: Mozzhorin, ed., Nachalo Kosmichiskoy Eri, p. 23.
152 “What does it mean?”: Galovanov, Korolev, pp. 537-38.
An overhead crane lifted the twenty-seven-ton empty shell: Semenov, ed., Raketno Kosmicheskaya Korporatsiya Energiya, p. 74.
153 “Well, shall we see off our first-born?”: Golovanov, Korolev, p. 538.
A grainy and undated Soviet video: Fifty Years of RKK Energya (Moscow: RKK Energya [videotape], 1996).
over the next hour and ten minutes, the rocket was raised: Hubert Curien, Baikonour (Paris: Arnaud Colin Editeur, 1994), p. 147.
over the 120-foot-deep, five-football-fields-wide: Igor Barmin, Na Zemle I V Kosmosy (Moscow: VP Barmin Design Bureau of General Machine Building, 2001), p. 80.
Marshal Nedelin, in particular, was unhappy with the Soviet arrangement: Ibid.,