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“in contrast with the first steps in the atomic age”: Monographs in Aerospace History no. 10: USIA, October 17, 1957, Report on World Opinion, at http://www.history.nasa.gov/45thann/html/pubs.

“validation of the superiority of Marxist-Leninist technology”: Ibid,

“the planetary era rings the death knell of colonialism”: Dickson, Sputnik, p. 131.

200 “With only a ball of metal”: Siddiqi, Sputnik and the Soviet Space Challenge, p. 171.

The European Assembly in Strasbourg . . . and other examples of shaken faith in the United States: Monographs in Aerospace History no. 10: USIA, October 17, 1957, Report on World Opinion, at http://www.history.nasa.gov/45thann/html/pubs.

200 “Public opinion in friendly countries shows decided concern”: Ibid.

201 “People all over the world are pointing to the satellite”: Time, October 21, 1957.

“World’s First Artificial Satellite of the Earth Created in Soviet Union”: Pravda, October 6, 1957.

202 “The average American only cares for his car”: Harris, A New Command, p. 182.

“We could never understand”: David Akens, Army Ballistic Missile Agency Historical Monograph (Huntsville, Ala.: Redstone Arsenal, 1958), appendix A, at http://www.www.army.redstone.mil/history.

203 he astounded Korolev by asking where the satellites were placed: Siddiqi, Sputnik and the Soviet Space Challenge, p. 169.

“People in the Soviet Union did not complain during that era”: Author telephone interview with Sergei Khrushchev, September 15, 2006.

“I remember walking in Red Square”: Natalia Koroleva, interview in televised documentary film The Secret Designer (Toronto: Ryan Productions, 1994).

“They are well provided for”: Daniloff, The Kremlin and the Kosmos, p. 128.

“Our most brilliant missile designer could not hold a candle to Sergei Pavlovich Korolev”: Nikita Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers, vol. 2, p. 77.

204 “When we announced the successful testing of an intercontinental rocket”: McDougall, The Heavens and the Earth, p. 237.

205 “Initially, Father believed”: Author telephone interview with Sergei Khrushchev, September 15, 2006.

Yangel, a few months earlier, had successfully tested the R-12: Oruzhe Rossii, vol. 4 (Moscow: Military Parade, 1997), p. 77.

lobbying Nedelin to push for the R-16: Cadbury, Space Race, p. 182.

206 “In his able proposals”: Daniloff, The Kremlin and the Kosmos, p. 72.

“You know”: Khrushchev’s exchange with Korolev and Mikoyan is in Golovanov, Korolev, p. 544.

207 Khrushchev had commissioned poems: Harford, Korolev, p. 122. commemorative stamps: Golovanov, Korolev, p. 542.

“Now we are ahead of America”: Witkin, ed., The Challenge of the Sputniks, p. 71.

208 “Nowhere else would you find”: Ibid.

Beijing had blasted Khrushchev’s assault on Stalin as “revisionist”: Medvedev and Medvedev, Khrushchev, p. 72.

promised Mao missile technology, starting with the R-2: Semenov, ed., Raketno Kosmicheskaya Korporatsiya Energiya, p. 66.

209 He had the parts to assemble one more rocket: Chertok, Rakety I Lyudi, vol. 2, p. 199.

211 The hardware would have to come entirely off the shelf: Harford, Korolev, p. 132.

212 “My wife and I”: in Mozhorin, ed., Nachalo Kosmicheskoy Eri, p. 64.

“We’re returning to Tyura-Tam”: Ibid.

10: Operation Confidence

213 “What next?”: Divine, The Sputnik Challenge, p. 94.

“Shoot the Moon, Ike”: Time, November 11, 1957.

213 “Plunge heavily into this one”: http://www.spacereview.com/article/396/1.

214 “Let’s not look for scapegoats”: Legislative Origins of the National Aeronautics and Space Act: Proceedings of an Oral History Workshop Conducted April 3, 1992, Monographs in Space History no. 8, http://www.history.nasa.gov/40than/leg islat.pdf.

215 “Sputnik II absolutely made the decision for them”: Ibid.

“The greatly increased size of the second Sputnik”: Time, November 11, 1957.

“whether the Soviet Union might be using some new form”: Dickson, Sputnik, p. 143.

“As Chairman of the Committee”: www.spacereview.com/article/396/1.

“It’s a real circus act”: Divine, The Sputnik Challenge, p. 44.