Reinventing Discovery - Michael Nielsen [123]
p 119: Chuck Hansen’s book is [92]. The story I recount about Hansen’s methodology is told in Richard Rhodes’s book How to Write, [182], page 61.
p 120: On the semantic web, see [16, 15] and http://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/. A stimulating alternate point of view is [88].
p 120: For Obama’s memorandum on transparency and open government, see [158].
p 123: The beautiful summary of Einstein’s general theory of relativity, “Spacetime tells matter how to move; matter tells spacetime how to curve,” is due to John Wheeler [240].
p 125 these models have no understanding of the meaning of “hola” or “hello”: I use the term “understanding” here in its everyday sense. I suspect, though, that one day we’ll discover that what we mean by “understanding” is captured in part (but only in part) by the kind of statistical association in these models.
p 125 no one on the Google Translate team spoke Chinese or Arabic: [69].
p 128: Planck’s comment “I really did not give it [the quantum theory] much thought” is from Helge Kragh’s article [112].
Chapter 7. Democratizing Science
p 129: My account of Galaxy Zoo is based on the Galaxy Zoo blog, http://blogs.zooniverse.org/galaxyzoo/, the Galaxy Zoo forum, http://www.galaxyzooforum.org, and an article by Chris Lintott and Kate Land [127]. The material on Hanny’s Voorwerp draws also on Hanny van Arkel’s blog http://www.hannysvoorwerp.com/, and the original discussion thread started by Hanny van Arkel [67]. The first Galaxy Zoo paper on the voorwerp is [128].
p 131: The alternative explanation of the voorwerp is given in [105, 177]. Some comments on the alternative explanation by Galaxy Zoo cofounder and Zookeeper Chris Lintott may be found at [126].
p 135: Alice Sheppard’s account of the discovery of the green pea galaxies is in [193]. Note that the galaxy images seen by the Zooites are in false color, and the “green peas” are actually closer to red.
p 138: An enjoyable short article on the discovery of helium is [118].
p 141: Bob Nichol’s quote, “I can ask the question ‘how many galaxies have a bar through the middle of them’ and typically I would embark on a career-long quest to answer this fundamental question . . . ,” is from [149].
p 143: Foldit is at http://fold.it. Good overviews of Foldit are [46, 21].
p 147: For Aotearoa on Foldit, see [1] and [2].
p 148: The Foldit results for the 2008 CASP are at [174].
p 149: On John Caister Bennett’s discovery of the great comet of 1968, see [104].
p 149: Comet hunter Rainer Kracht’s homepage, at http://www.rkracht.de/, has a list of comets he has discovered. Background on SOHO’s success at hunting comets may be found at http://sungrazer.nrl.navy.mil/.
p 150: The eBird website is at http://ebird.org, and the project is described in [210]. The information on the number of contributions and contributors is from http://www.avianknowledge.net/content/datasets and [209].
p 150: The open dinosaur project is at http://opendino.wordpress.com/. An overview of the project can be found in [220].
p 151: The use of Galaxy Zoo data to train a computer algorithm is described in [10].
p 153: Clay Shirky’s analysis of Wikipedia appeared in [195]. That article is also the origin of the phrase “cognitive surplus.” Shirky has developed these ideas at book length in [194].
p 153 On average Americans watch five hours of television per day: [156].
p 154: Clay Shirky’s idea of doing “big things for love” is developed at length in his insightful book Here Comes Everybody [196].