Reinventing Discovery_ The New Era of Networked Science - Michael Nielsen [124]
p 155 “my life changed forever . . .”:[132].
p 155: The 1988 data on polio incidence are from [141].
p 155: Data on 2003 polio incidence are from the Global Polio Eradication Initiative’s 2003 annual report, available at http://polioeradication.org.
p 155: The Nigerian boycott of the polio vaccination program is described in [101].
p 156: A review of the literature on the connection between vaccines and autism is [68]. The evidence in this review strongly suggests that there is no causal link.
p 156: The numbers on vaccination rates for measles-mumps-rubella and the rate of measles infection are from [135], based on data from the Health Protection Agency.
p 160: The single best resource on open access is Peter Suber’s remarkable blog, Open Access News, available at http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/fosblog.html. The blog was discontinued as of April 2010, but it is well worth browsing through the archives. Suber has prepared an overview of Open Access [207], and a timeline [208], both of which are very helpful for getting a big picture view of open access. Suber and others continue with the Open Access Tracking Project, whose archives may be found at http://oatp.tumblr.com/. For a book-length overview of open access, see [241].
p 161: The arXiv is online at http://www.arxiv.org. Note that the arXiv started in the field of physics, but has since spread to other disciplines, such as mathematics and computer science. In this book I’ve concentrated on the physics aspects and sometimes refer to it as the physics arXiv, since physics is the field in which the arXiv is most dominant.
p 162: The Public Library of Science (PLoS) website is at http://plos.org. PLoS wasn’t the first open access journal, but it was one of the earliest, and I’ve focused on it because it has blazed trails in many ways.
p 162: For an overview of the NIH Public Access Policy, see [206]. It’s short, but contains many informative links.
p 162: The NIH budgetary information is from http://www.nih.gov/about/budget.htm.
p 164: The Elsevier revenue and profit figures are based on the 2009 Reed Elsevier Annual Report [181].
p 164: The American Chemical Society’s revenue and profit figures are from [131].
p 164: My account of Eric Dezenhall and the publishers’ trade association (the Association of American Publishers) is based on [70], with additional background from [100]. The quotes from PRISM are from [176].
p 165: Simon Singh’s original article in which he criticized the British Chiropractic Association (BCA) is [199]. The article by Dougans and Green on the Singh case is at [56]. My discussion also benefited from articles by Ben Goldacre [74] and Martin Robbins [185]. The BCA’s description of evidence for the effectiveness of chiropractic treatments is [221]. A similar instance of wiki litigation in the open source software world involved assertions by a company called SCO that code it owned had been incorporated into Linux, as a result of which SCO sued companies such as Novell and IBM. The cases were covered in remarkable detail at a community website called Groklaw (http://groklaw.net), started by a paralegal named Pamela Jones.
p 167: Pharyngula is at http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/. The figures for the circulation of the Des Moines Register and the Salt Lake Tribune are from the Audit Bureau of Circulations [8].
p 170: My account of Easter Island is based on Jared Diamond’s book Collapse [53]. The reconstruction of Easter Island’s history is difficult and complex, and the subject of much contention among scholars; unsurprisingly, some disagree with Diamond’s account.
p 171: On the reduction of life expectancy due to HIV/AIDS in the most highly affected African countries, see [103].
p 171: On bridging the ingenuity gap, see [133].
Chapter 8. The Challenge of Doing Science in the Open
p 173: My account of Galileo’s work is based upon [238].
p 174: For more on the affair of Galileo and