Render Unto Rome_ The Secret Life of Money in the Catholic Church - Jason Berry [214]
4. Harvey Cox, The Silencing of Leonardo Boff: The Vatican and the Future of World Christianity (Oak Park, IL, 1988), p. 11.
5. John L. Allen Jr., Cardinal Ratzinger: The Vatican Enforcer of the Faith (New York, 2000), p. 160.
6. Maciel’s ordination footage appeared in Legion of Christ promotional videos that are no longer used for the order’s marketing. The footage is included in the documentary film Vows of Silence (2008), produced by Jason Berry. The film is based on the book written by Berry and Gerald Renner. See www.vowsofsilencefilm.com.
7. Alfonso Torres Robles, La prodigiosa aventura de los Legionarios de Cristo (Madrid, 2001), p. 18.
8. This priest and three others as background sources in the chapter were first quoted in my articles “Vatican Investigates Legion of Christ,” GlobalPost.com, July 21, 2009, and “How Fr. Maciel Built His Empire,” National Catholic Reporter, April 6, 2010.
9. Angeles Conde and David J. P. Murray, The Legion of Christ: A History (North Haven, CT, 2004), p. 121.
10. Peter Hebblethwaite, Paul VI: The First Modern Pope (New York/Mahwah, NJ, 1993), p. 147.
11. For an intelligent overview of the prosperity gospel associated with certain Pentecostal groups in America, see Hanna Rosin, “Did Christianity Cause the Crash?” The Atlantic, December 2009. The religious anthropologist Elio Masferrer Kan uses the term in an explicit linkage with the Catholic Church in his treatment of Pope John Paul II’s 1999 trip to Mexico and the media furor that engulfed Mexico City’s Cardinal Norberto Rivera Carrera over commercial sales of papal insignias and the like by street vendors. See Es del César o es de Dios? Un modelo antropológico del camp religioso (Centro de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias en Ciencias y Humanidades, UNAM de la UNAM Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México D.F., 2007), p. 242.
12. The most extensive account of Maciel’s fund-raising and the order’s early years is Torres Robles, La prodigiosa aventura de los Legionarios de Cristo.
13. The constitution of the Legion of Christ circulated in Spanish within the order and Regnum Christi, the predominantly lay affiliate, for many years. It apparently underwent considerable revision under Maciel. The order reportedly made its first English translation in 1990, though former Legionaries oversaw another translation, which I have quoted here. In 2007 the Legion sued an organization of ex-members, ReGAIN—www.regainnetwork.org—in Alexandria, Virginia, alleging that it had no right to post the constitutions; see Daniela Deane, “Outspoken Ex-Priest Sued Over Documents,” Washington Post, September 6, 2007. The case settled out of court after ReGAIN withdrew the document from the website and halted its discussion board. The constitutions continue to circulate. See, for example, www.unitypublishing.com/NewReligiousMovements/Leagonaires2
.html or www.unitypublishing.com/NewReligiousMovements/Constitution%20–%20LegionariesofChrist.htm.
14. Envoy. As with much of Regnum Christi materials, dating this work is a bit of a riddle. The 230-page softcover lists no publisher or ISBN; the preface on p. 7 lists no author but concludes “LC Rome, June 6, 1986, Solemnity of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.” Maciel routinely dictated letters and a sort of oral history of his life and the Legion to selected Legionaries, as recounted in Jason Berry and Gerald Renner, Vows of Silence: The Abuse of Power in the Papacy of John Paul II (New York, 2004), chaps. 8 and 13, and the citation that follows. On the founding of Regnum Christi, see Jack Keogh, Driving Straight on Crooked Lines: How an Irishman Found His Heart and Nearly Lost His Mind (IveaghodgePress.com, 2010), p. 236.
15. The Pontifical Athenaeum Regina Apostolorum has a complicated nomenclature and history. It is a university, just barely, which awards pontifical—meaning papally sanctioned—degrees. Regina Apostolorum has a master’s program, with a licentiate