Retribution_ The Battle for Japan, 1944-45 - Max Hastings [378]
My secretary, Rachel Lawrence, is never less than wonderful. My wife, Penny, sometimes thinks it might be best to emigrate when I am writing a book. In truth, however, she knows that I could do none of it without her.
NOTES AND SOURCES
As with Armageddon, I have not concluded this book with a formal bibliography, because the published literature is so vast. A catalogue of relevant titles becomes merely an author’s peacock display. I have confined myself instead to listing in the source notes works from which I have quoted directly, or cited specific points of information. I have omitted references for quotations which have been familiar for decades in the public domain.
Quotations derived from author interviews are attributed as, for instance, “AI Horsford.” Those downloaded from the Veterans’ Oral History Archive of the U.S. Library of Congress are attributed as, for instance, “LC Jenkins interview.” Principal documentary sources are abbreviated as follows:
British National Archive—BNA
Liddell Hart Archive, King’s College London—LHA
Imperial War Museum, London—IWM
U.S. National Archive—USNA
U.S. Navy Historical Center—NHC
U.S. Army Military History Institute, Carlisle—USAMHI
U.S. Marine Corps Historical Center, Quantico, Va.—MCHC
Australian War Memorial—AWM.
Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders, but where this has proved impossible, I offer apologies.
INTRODUCTION
1. “There are no big battalions” Lord Tedder, Air Power and War, London 1948, p. 41.
2. “I agree wholeheartedly” Richard Frank, Downfall, Penguin 2001, p. 359; and Robert Newman, Truman and the Hiroshima Myth, University of Michigan Press 1995, passim.
CHAPTER ONE • DILEMMAS AND DECISIONS
3. “which may not be until the final” John Paton Davies, Dragon by the Tail, Robson Books 1974, p. 274.
4. “Both [nations’] programmes were fuelled” RUSI Journal, August 2005.
5. “Japan did not invade independent countries” John Dower, War Without Mercy, Faber 1986, p. 5. Dower’s works have become indispensable sources for any writer about wartime Japan.
6. “We honestly believed that America” Col. Tsuji Masanobu, Singapore: The Japanese Version, Constable 1962, p. 21.
7. “The shame of our disaster” BNA CAB79/79.
8. “It is all very well to say” Brendan Bracken BNA CAB66/29 11.6.43.
9. “The Japanese have proved” Daily Mail, 21.1.44.
10. “Never do that again” AI Horsford.
11. “We are of the opinion” LHA Lethbridge Papers Box 1/3.
12. “Americans ought to like” NHC Library.
13. “The cumulative cost” Alvin P. Stauffer, The Quartermaster Corps Operations in the War Against Japan, Department of the Army, Washington D.C. 1955.
14. “The people are what” AI DeTour.
15. “Only shipmates were important” Emory Jernigan, Tin Can Man, Vandamere Press 1993, p. 167. Jernigan’s memoir offers an outstanding record of lower-deck destroyer service in the Pacific.
16. “Eugene Hardy” LC Hardy interview.
17. “Men live conscious” Keith Vaughan, Journal, 7 March 1944, Alan Ross 1966.
18. “Relax, we have always won” W. J. Holmes, Double-Edged Secrets, Naval Institute Press 1979, p. 125.
19. “All the officers at home” USAMHI Eichelberger Papers 22.7.44.
20. “that terrible, recurrent” Anthony Powell, The Valley of Bones, Heinemann 1964, p. 116.
21. “My dear Myrtle” USNA RG496 Box 457 Entry 74.
22. “Here it is a Burma moon” IWM 99/77/1, letters of 25.10.44 and 17.5.44.
23. “Nearly every Jap fights” LHA Gracey Papers 6/1–13.
24. “Dear Mother and Dad” MCHC Kennard Papers.
25. “In 1944 there seemed absolutely” AI Luo Dingwen.
26. “We got the order to retreat” AI Ying Yunping.
27. “They didn’t want this baby” AIs Chen Jinyu, Tan Yadong.
28. “In some districts” North China Herald, 28.2.40.
29. “Everywhere in Asia” Theodore White and Annalee Jacoby, Thunder Out of China, William Sloan, New York 1946, p. xiii.
30. “We understood