Retribution_ The Battle for Japan, 1944-45 - Max Hastings [388]
CHAPTER ELEVEN • BLOCKADE: WAR UNDERWATER
524. “The entire question of Japanese” USNA RG496 Box 809.
525. “Seeing no one on board” USNA RG38 Box 3 ONI.
526. “Ronald Spector has remarked” Spector, Eagle Against the Sun, Viking 1984, p. xvi.
527. “It was hard to flush” Artie Akers, unpublished MS, University of Tennessee.
528. “We were essentially a steel bubble” Galantin, op. cit., p. 137.
529. “We had almost disdain for the threat” ibid., p. 96.
530. “for instance, Sam Dealey” Charles Lockwood and Hans Christian Adamson, Through Hell and Deep Water, Greenburg 1956.
531. “Use the periscope as little as possible” NHC Current Doctrine 1944.
532. “This man seemed to know” Akers MS, op. cit.
533. “It was an impersonal war” Galantin, op. cit., p. 106.
534. “Three hits observed” Theodore Roscoe, U.S. Submarine Operations in World War II, Naval Institute Press 1949, p. 441.
535. “Vice-Admiral Charles Lockwood” Charles Lockwood, Sink ’Em All, Dutton 1951, p. 124.
536. “Heads ached” Galantin, op. cit., p. 243.
537. “Many will tell you that depth-charging” Walter Jaffee, Steel Shark in the Pacific, Glencannon 2001, p. 125.
538. “By the fall of 1944” Galantin, op. cit., p. 203.
539. “It had become an aviator’s” ibid., p. 226.
CHAPTER TWELVE • BURNING A NATION: LEMAY
I am indebted for much factual material in this chapter to two sources: Tami Davis Biddle’s “Curtis Emerson LeMay and the Ascent of American Strategic Air Power,” published in Realizing the Dream of Flight, ed. Virginia Dawson and Mark Bowles, NASA, Washington, D.C. 2005; and Ralph Arnold: “Improvised Destruction: Arnold, LeMay and the Firebombing of Japan,” published in War in History, October 2006, Vol. 13.
540. “The best psychological warfare” Gerald Hanley, Spectator, 29.9.44.
541. “the use of incendiaries” Chennault, Way of a Fighter, Putnam 1948, p. 97.
542. “As we piled out” Carter McGregor, The Kagu-Tchuchi Bomb Group 40BG, Wichita Falls Texas, Nortex 1981, p. 49.
543. “had as many bugs” C. E. LeMay and Kantor, Mission with LeMay, p. 124.
544. “but they continue with these futile operations” Pownall diaries, op. cit., p. 197.
545. “They are very poor” LC LeMay Papers Box 11.
546. “the B-29 outfits are being filled” ibid., letter to Maj.-Gen. Fred Anderson 18.11.44.
547. “The B-29 project is important to me” ibid.
548. “Sir, it could ignite gas fumes” AI Leon Cobaugh.
549. “I had hoped to find brown-skinned” Brown, A B-29 Pilot’s Memories.
550. “Leather began to get mouldy” Samuelson diary, B-29 website www.http:B-29.org.
551. “Everyone was on edge the rest of the day” ibid. 288 “3 Dec: The boys are” ibid.
552. “When the clouds broke, Mt. Fujiyama” ibid.
553. “We’re all of us poor soldiers” Quoted Kenneth P. Werrell, Blankets of Fire, Smithsonian 1996, p. 206.
554. “I had a nice talk with Wray and Cutter” Samuelson diary, op. cit., B-29 website.
555. “I became aware of the sky” Ben Robertson, The Beginning of the End, privately published 2004, p. 112.
556. “In our situation, it was pretty much” ibid., p. 102.
557. “Maybe the road ahead” ibid., CL to Norstad 31.1.45.
558. “Morale was terrible…Nothing worked” B-29 website.
559. “General LeMay has taken over” Quoted Werrell, op. cit., p. 140.
560. “As early as September 1944” William W. Ralph, op. cit., p. 503.
561. “It is air power that this Country” Lt.-Gen. Barney Giles to Kenney 27.9.44, quoted Ralph, op. cit., p. 505.
562. “To date the Twentieth” USAAF Maxwell AFB Research file 760.317–1.
563. “Whereas the adoption of nonvisual” Conrad C. Crane, Bombs, Cities and Civilians, Kansas University Press 1993, p. 76.
564. “A sort of cold fear gripped the crews” 497BG History, p. 19.
565. “There were a lot of unhappy campers” B-29 website.
566. “We might lose over three hundred aircraft” LeMay and Kantor, op. cit., p. 1.
567. “The whole city of Tokyo” B-29 website.
568. “Arnold assured him mendaciously” Ralph, op. cit., p. 519.
569. “blasted large cracks in the myth” Christian Century, issue of 21.3.45.
570. “through intensified bombing