Road to Serfdom, The - Hayek, F. A. & Caldwell, Bruce [37]
10 [ John Emerich Edward Dalberg-Acton, First Baron Acton, “The History of Freedom in Antiquity,” reprinted in The History of Freedom and Other Essays (London: Macmillan, 1907; reprinted, Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press, 1967), p. 1. Lord Acton (1834–1902) was a Liberal MP from 1859 to 1864, leader of the Liberal Roman Catholics in England, and founder-editor of the Cambridge Modern History, to which he contributed the first two volumes. Hayek once thought of naming the Mont Pèlerin Society the Acton-Tocqueville Society, but Frank Knight opposed naming a liberal movement after two Catholics. The article cited was originally an address delivered to the members of the Bridgnorth Institution at the Agricultural Hall in Bridgnorth, Shropshire, on February 26, 1877. —Ed.]
11 [The National Planning Board was established within the U.S. Department of the Interior to assist in the preparation of a comprehensive plan for public works under the direction of Frederick Delano, Charles Merriam, and Wesley Clair Mitchell. Its last successor agency, the National Resources Planning Board, was abolished in 1943. —Ed.]
12 [The “eminent critic” was the economist Alvin W. Hansen (1887–1975), a leading American expositor of Keynesian economics, who as a policy advisor also played a role in the development of the social security system and the creation of the Full Employment Act of 1946. The passage Hayek cites is taken from Hansen’s review of The Road to Serfdom, “The New Crusade against Planning,” op. cit., p. 12. —Ed.]
13 The most effective of these was undoubtedly George Orwell’s 1984: A Novel (New York: New American Library, 1949). The author had earlier kindly reviewed this book. [George Orwell, pseudonym of Eric Arthur Blair (1903–1950), was an English novelist and essayist; he also wrote Animal Farm. Orwell’s brief review appeared in the Observer, April 9, 1944, together with a review of a book by Konni Zilliacus, The Mirror of the Past, Lest It Reflect the Future (London: V. Gollancz, 1944). —Ed.]
14 [For more on the distinction between conservatism and liberalism, see F. A. Hayek, “Why I Am Not a Conservative,” postscript to The Constitution of Liberty, op. cit., pp. 397–411. —Ed.]
15 F. A. Hayek, Individualism and Economic Order (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1948). [Among the articles reprinted in this collection are “Individualism: True and False,” “Economics and Knowledge,” “The Use of Knowledge in Society,” “The Meaning of Competition,” and three essays on socialist calculation. —Ed.]
16 F. A. Hayek, The Counter-Revolution of Science, op. cit. [The volume contains the essays “Scientism and the Study of Society,” “The Counter-Revolution of Science,” and “Comte and Hegel.” —Ed.]
17 An advance sketch of my treatment of this subject has been published by the National Bank of Egypt in the form of four lectures on The Political Ideal of the Rule of Law (Cairo: The National Bank of Egypt, 1955). [The substance of these lectures was incorporated into chapters 11 and 13– 16 of The Constitution of Liberty, op. cit. —Ed.]
18 [Economic Survey for 1947, Cmd. 7046 (London: HMSO, 1947), p. 5. —Ed.]
19 [Hayek refers to the Control of Engagement Order of 1947, issued by the Minister of Labour and, as delegated legislation, not subject to amendment by Parliament. Ivor Thomas, in The Socialist Tragedy (London: Latimer House Ltd., 1949), pp. 104–5, offered this succinct description: “Under this Order men between the ages of 18 and 50 and women between the ages of 18 and 40 may not be engaged except through an employment exchange of the Ministry of Labour, apart from certain exempted occupations. Workers in coal mining and agriculture are not permitted to leave those occupations. Other