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39 Orlov, ‘Kapitulatsiia’, p. 300. Vitrolles, Mémoires, vol. 1, pp. 311–12.

40 On Talleyrand, see n. 29 above. J. Hanoteau (ed.), Mémoires du Général de Caulaincourt, Duc de Vicenze, 3 vols., Paris, 1933, vol. 3, pp. 207–30. Houssaye, Napoleon, pp. 470–99. For Talleyrand’s own account of these days, see Mémoires du Prince de Talleyrand, Paris, 1891, pp. 156–67.

41 All the key documents of these days are reproduced between pp. 403 and 416 of SIRIO, 31, 1881: these include the various allied declarations, senatorial resolutions, Marmont’s statements and a short commentary by Nesselrode.

42 For Alexander’s letter to Louis XVIII of 17 April, see SIRIO, 31, 1881, pp. 411–12. Castlereagh, vol. 9, pp. 450–51, reproduces Charles Stewart’s letter to Bathurst of 7 April denouncing the offer of Elba but there is no mention of his brother’s letter to Bathurst of 13 April: this is published as no. 4, pp. 420–3, in Baron Fain, Manuscrit de Mil Huit Cent Quatorze, Paris, 1825. Since there is nothing that is implausible in the content of the letter and no reason to think that Fain invented it, the likeliest interpretation is that it was not included in the collection by Lord Londonderry because he did not think it reflected well on his brother. He does include many other letters to Bathurst. In Castlereagh’s defence, he was seeking to sustain a fait accompli created by others.

43 Schwarzenberg, Schwarzenberg, p. 337.

44 Löwenstern, Mémoires, vol. 2, pp. 342, 419–23. A. Zaitsev, Vospominaniia o pokhodakh 1812 goda, Moscow, 1853, pp. 29–34. P. Nazarov, ‘Zapiski soldata Pamfila Nazarova’, RS, 9/8, 1878, pp. 539–40. RGVIA, Fond 846, Opis 16, Delo 3399, fo. 172ii, Volkonsky to Barclay, 2 April 1814 (OS), on the immediate departure of the irregular cavalry. Radozhitskii, Pokhodnyia zapiski, vol. 3, pp. 236–7, on the tremendous reception given to the returning Russian troops in Silesia, thanks partly to the king, who had given 3 million talers for parties and meals in their honour. Dnevnik Pavla Pushchina, Leningrad, 1987, pp. 166–73, on the Guards’ journey home.

Bibliography

For abbreviations, see list on "Notes" Section.

Archives

1. Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi voenno-istoricheskii arkhiv:

Fond 1: Chancellery of the War Ministry

Fond 46: A. S. Kologrivov

Fond 103: M. B. Barclay de Tolly

Fond 125: D. I. Lobanov-Rostovsky/Reserve Army

Fond 140: M. G. Titov

Fond 474: Otechestvennaia voina 1812g + kampaniia 1813 i 1814 gg. (campaigns of 1812–14)

Fond 489: Formuliarnye spiski (personnel records)

Fond 846: Military Scientific Archive (voenno-uchenyi)

Fond 9194: L. L. Bennigsen/Army of Poland

2. British Library

Lieven papers: Additional Manuscripts 47410, 47424, 47427

Published Documents

Akty, dokumenty i materialy dlia istorii 1812 goda, ed. K. Voenskii, 2 vols., SPB, 1910–11.

‘Aperçu des transactions politiques du Cabinet de Russie’, Sbornik imperatorskago russkago istoricheskago obshchestva, 31, 1881.

Arkhiv grafov Mordvinovykh, ed. V. A. Bilbasov, SPB, 1902, vol. 4.

Das Befreiungsjahr 1813: Aus den Geheimen Staatsarchivs, ed. J. von Pflugk-Harttung, Berlin, 1913.

Borodino: Dokumental’naia khronika, ed. A. M. Val’kovich and A. P. Kapitonov, Moscow, 2004.

Briefwechsel König Friedrich Wilhelm III’s und der Königin Luise mit Kaiser Alexander I, ed: P. Bailleu, Leipzig, 1900.

‘Bumagi A. I. Chernysheva za tsarstvovanie Imperatora Aleksandra Igo’, Sbornik imperatorskago russkago istoricheskago obshchestva, 121, 1906.

Bumagi otnosiashchiasia do otechestvennoi voiny 1812 goda, ed. P. I. Shchukin, 10 vols., Moscow, 1897–1908.

Chuikevich, P. A., ‘Analiticheskii proekt voennykh deistvii v 1812 P. A. Chuikevicha’, Rossiiskii Arkhiv, 7, 1996.

Correspondance de l’Empereur Alexandre Ier avec sa sœur la Grande Duchesse Cathérine 1805–1818, ed. Grand Duke Nicolas, SPB, 1910.

Correspondance de Napoleon Ier, 32 vols., Paris, 1858–70.

Correspondence, Despatches and Other Papers of Viscount Castlereagh, ed. Marquess of Londonderry, vol. 9, London, 1853.

Fel’dmarshal Kutuzov: Dokumenty, dnevniki,