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harder to explain their methods, approaches, and findings to the public, and that the public must take responsibility for demanding such explanations. One of the scientists who commented on that draft said that if I am asking people to demand explanations, I must also insist that they listen to the explanations, and with an open mind. He also mentioned that people like me who attempt to provide understandable explanations of science have a responsibility to ensure that the explanations are reasonably complete. I have tried to do this but have also tried to explain the ways in which science is political and inextricably linked to its social context and consequences.

NOTES

This section contains reference citations along with occasional notes. Citations follow the spare, unpunctuated “Vancouver” style used by most biological science journals, as described in JAMA 1993;269:2282–2286 (translation: Journal of the American Medical Association, 1993, volume 269, pages 2282 to 2286). Sometimes, issue numbers follow the volume in parentheses. Thus, Food Technology 1991;45(5):248–253 refers to an article published in the fifth (in this case, May) issue. As is customary in this style, text citations sometimes appear out of numerical order; these are space-saving cross-references to material cited earlier in the same chapter. Also to save space, references to multiple quotations or facts in a paragraph are listed in order under one note at its end; references to U.S. government reports omit their place and publisher (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office); and citations to articles in professional journals signed by multiple authors list only the first three followed by et al. Except as otherwise noted, documents obtained from Internet sources were available at the cited addresses in February 2010.

For clarity, most references give the full name of organizations, government agencies, and the titles of journals and publications, but certain frequently used terms are abbreviated as follows:

Am

American

APHIS

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (of USDA)

CDC

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (of DHHS)

CFSAN

Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (of FDA)

CNI

Community Nutrition Institute

CSPI

Center for Science in the Public Interest

DHHS

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

EPA

Environmental Protection Agency

ERS

Economic Research Service (of USDA)

FCN

Food Chemical News

FDA

Food and Drug Administration (of DHHS)

FIFRA

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act

FR

Federal Register

FSIS

Food Safety and Inspection Service (of USDA)

GAO

General Accounting Office (of Congress) (since 2004, the Government Accountability Office)

J

Journal, Journal of, Journal of the

JAMA

Journal of the American Medical Association

MMWR

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (of CDC)

NEJM

New England Journal of Medicine

NYT

New York Times

OTA

Office of Technology Assessment (formerly of Congress, now defunct)

Suppl

Supplement

USDA

U.S. Department of Agriculture

WSJ

Wall Street Journal

INTRODUCTION: FOOD SAFETY IS POLITICAL

1. Kaufman M. Biotech critics cite unapproved corn in taco shells. Washington Post, September 18, 2000:A2. Freese B. The StarLink Affair. Washington, DC: Friends of the Earth, July 2001, at www.foodallergyangel.com/documents/GMO/StarlinkReport.pdf. Food Traceability Report. StarLink: Lessons Learned. Washington, DC: FCN Publishing, 2001. Taylor MR, Tick JS. The StarLink Case: Issues for the Future. Washington, DC: Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology, October 2001, at www.pewtrusts.org/our_work_report_detail.aspx?id=33384. Goldberg RA. Aventis CropScience and StarLink Corn. Boston: Harvard Business School (Case N9-902-411), November 5, 2001.

2. Lambert B, Buysse L, Decock C, et al. A Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein with a high activity against members of the family Noctuidae. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 1996;62:80–86.

3. O’Reilly B. Reaping