Safe Food_ Bacteria, Biotechnology, and Bioterrorism - Marion Nestle [228]
and science-based approach, 63
Poverty, 142, 162, 271
Precautionary principle, 22–24, 185, 194, 236
Preservation methods, 35, 43, 114
Preservatives, 34
President’s Council on Food Safety, 133–34
Preventive measures
animal antibiotics as, 45, 47–48
against foodborne microbes, 34, 35–36, 37, 41, 42, 45, 49
by education, 66, 76, 77, 90, 91, 112, 113, 117–20, 119, 129
by irradiation, 21, 74, 112, 113, 121–26
by litigation, 129–30
by pasteurization, 28, 33, 40, 42, 45, 49, 56, 89, 97–98, 113, 126–29
by reorganization of government oversight, 113, 130–37, 137
responsibility for, 1, 30, 66
and safe handling labels, 66–67, 76–78, 78, 82, 83, 90
and training of workers, 49, 120
and warning labels, 66–67, 98–99
See also HACCP
Price, Weston, 281
Prions, 251, 254, 342–43nn4–5
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 191
Processing
centralization of, 43, 48
foodborne microbes spread by, 49, 50, 117–20
of genetically modified products, 8, 11, 239
See also Meat processing
Produce Marketing Association, 123–24, 321–22n23
Production
concentration of, 28, 43, 43–45, 54
and population growth, 139, 146, 149
scale of, 37, 44, 45, 59, 84, 101
Protectionism, 116
Proteins
and allergenicity, 9–11, 172–74
and bacterial response to antibiotics, 176
as lectins, 186–89
as prions, 251, 320n5
structure and function of, 299–300
Protozoa, 28, 35, 36, 37
Prusiner, Stanley, 343n4
Psychological factors, 20
Public health
and alliance between business and government, 64, 65, 74, 253, 255, 272
and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, 46
and bioterrorism, 258, 265–66, 267, 271
and control of foodborne microbes, 81, 83, 103
and corporate self-interest, 1, 14, 60, 72, 81, 83, 142, 240, 255
and food security, 268, 270–72, 273, 275
and fragmentation of regulatory authority, 14, 60
and globalization, 271
and measures to eliminate disease, 28, 33, 165
Public interest, 1, 13, 14, 16, 122, 189, 225, 240
Public opinion, 15, 34, 35, 167–70, 206
Public relations, 153, 154, 159, 160, 163, 166, 201, 212, 232, 235–36, 241, 246–47
Public Voice (consumer group), 34, 145
Pure Food and Drugs Act, 52–54
Pure Food Campaign, 213
Pusztai, Arpad, 187–89, 215
Radiation
microbial resistance to, 41, 126
See also Irradiation of food
mutations induced by, 153
Rainforest Action Network, 241
Ralston Foods, 89
Rats, experiments on, 10, 183, 187, 188
Raw food, 21, 29–30, 35, 41–42, 43, 48, 66, 67, 90, 127–29, 281–83, 286, 293–94
Raw milk, see Milk, raw
Reagan, Ronald, 77
Recalls of food products, 4, 9, 14, 53, 87, 97, 100–102, 121, 137, 269, 273, 281, 284–85, 286, 287–95
Recontamination, 36, 49, 121
Refrigeration, 35, 40, 43, 69, 75, 87, 90, 117, 119, 121, 249
Regulation, government
of biotechnology, 2–3, 9, 11–14, 16, 19, 21, 22, 25, 81, 118, 140, 141, 142, 146, 149, 173–80, 185–86, 191–219, 222–25, 232–34, 246–47
Coordinated Framework for, 195–96
of food additives, 34, 92, 178, 196, 207
of foodborne microbes, 24, 27–28, 29, 50, 62, 63, 65–67, 73–76, 79, 80–84, 282–85, 288–90, 295–97
by HACCP, 63, 67–71, 68, 69, 75, 75, 76, 81, 84–85, 86–92, 94–99, 104–10, 112
resisted by food industry, 16, 24, 27–28, 29, 63, 70, 71, 72, 76–77, 82–84, 86, 92, 94, 97, 103–7, 110–12, 120, 283
food industry’s alliance with, 2–3, 16, 30, 54, 60, 62, 63, 64–65, 66, 67, 70–71, 74, 84, 199, 204–5, 221, 253, 255, 272
food industry’s influence on, 1, 25, 31, 46, 76, 77, 79–80, 91–92, 94, 201–2, 204–6, 212
and fragmentation of regulatory authority, 13, 14, 25, 30, 52, 54, 55–61, 56, 57, 58, 70, 216, 295
gaps in, 97–112, 114, 134, 180, 199
and limitation of regulatory authority, 52–53, 101, 105, 123, 124
pharmaceutical industry’s influence on, 46, 195
pharmaceutical industry’s resistance to, 46, 47
politics of, 1–2, 11, 12, 16, 60, 80, 92, 94, 95, 96, 107, 133, 142, 191, 197, 216, 219
and precautionary principle, 22–23
public distrust of, 22, 74, 169
and recall authority, 97, 99–102, 269, 273
and reorganization of food safety authority, 113, 130–37, 137, 274
and science-based approach, 19, 21,