Schaum's Outline of Latin Grammar - Alan Fishbone [70]
MõÅlitibus est timor urbis deÅlendae.
The soldiers have a fear of destroying the
city.
Again, in any other verbal expression, ``the city'' would be the direct object of the verb ``to destroy'':
MõÅliteÅs timent urbem deÅleÅre.
The soldiers are afraid to destroy the
city.
In the ®rst example, however, the phrase urbis deÅlendae functions as an objective genitive, so the noun and gerundive agree in that case.
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The gerund and the gerundive in the accusative case with the preposition ad express purpose:
ReÅx mõÅliteÅs mittit ad urbem delendam. The king sends soldiers for the purpose of destroying the city.
This meaning can also be expressed with the genitive followed by the preposition causaÅ:13
ReÅx mõÅliteÅs mittit urbis deÅlendae
The king sends soldiers for the sake of
causaÅ.
destroying the city.
Supine
The supine is a verbal noun that exists only in the accusative and ablative cases (see Chapter 4, verbal noun section). The accusative is used to express purpose with a verb of motion:
ReÅx mõÅliteÅs mittit urbem deÅleÅtum.
The king sends soldiers to destroy the
city.
The ablative is used to express respect or speci®cation: mõÅraÅbile dictuÅ
(a thing) wonderful to say.
Exercises
24. Translate the following.
1. Dulce est võÅvere?
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2. Ad proÅvinciam õÅboÅ bellum võÅsum.
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3. Ad proÅvinciam õÅboÅ ad bellum videndum.
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4. Ad proÅvinciam õÅboÅ bellõÅ videndõÅ causaÅ.
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5. PoeÅtaÅs inter®cere erat terribile factuÅ.
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13 This is really the ablative of the noun causa, which has this independent usage. It follows a noun in the genitive case and means ``for the sake of.'
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CHAPTER 9 Syntax of the Complex Sentence
6. In urbe maneÅre poeÅta voleÅbat.
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7. MõÅliteÅs urbem deÅleÅre timent.
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8. LõÅbertaÅtis omnium deÅlendae causaÅ reÅx poeÅtaÅs inter®cere voluit.
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25. Translate the following sentences.
1. O rem noÅn modoÅ võÅsuÅ foedam sed etiam audõÅtuÅ!
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2. NoÅn igitur mõÅlieÅns perõÅre est melius quam in suaÅ cõÅvitaÅte sine armaÅtoÅrum praesidioÅ noÅn posse võÅvere?
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3. DieÅs iam meÅ deÅ®ciat sõÅ quae dõÅcõÅ in eam sententiam possunt coÅner exproÅmere.
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4. Pro meaÅ perpetuaÅ cupiditaÅte vetrae dõÅgnitaÅtis retinendae et augendae quaesoÅ oÅroÅque voÅs, patreÅs, conscriptõÅ, ut prõÅmoÅ, etsõÅ erit vel acerbum audõÅtuÅ vel increÅdibile aÅ CiceroÅne dictum, accipiaÅtis sine offensioÅne quod dõÅxeroÅ, neÅve id prius quam quaÅle sit explicaÅveroÅ repudieÅtis.
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