School Choice or Best Systems_ What Improves Education_ - Margaret C. Wang [56]
8 Caroline M. Hoxby, “Achievement in Charter Schools and Regular Public Schools in the United States: Understanding the Differences,” December 2004, http://post.economics.harvard.edu/faculty/hoxby/papers.html.
9 Ibid., executive summary.
10 Ibid., p. 15.
11 Ibid., executive summary.
12 Caroline M. Hoxby, “If Families Matter Most,” in A Primer on America’s Schools, ed. Terry M. Moe (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 2001), p. 113.
13 Herbert J. Walberg, “High Performance, High Poverty Schools, Districts, and States” in Courting Failure, ed. Eric Hanushek (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, in press).
14 Ibid., p. 13-14.
15 F. Howard Nelson, Bella Rosenberg, and Nancy Van Meter, “Charter School Achievement on the 2003 National Assessment of Educational Progress,” American Federation of Teachers, 2005, www.aft.org.
16 National Center for Education Statistics, “The Nation’s Report Card: America’s Charter Schools: Results from the 2003 Pilot Study,” 2005, www.nces.ed.gov.
17 Bryan C. Hassel, Charter School Achievement: What We Know (Chapel Hill, NC: Public Impact, July 2005), p. 2.
18 As emphasized in the introduction, studies of student achievement at a single point in time are likely to be weak for making causal inferences. Henry Braun, Frank Jenkins, and Wendy Grigg completed just such a study, which is entirely misleading. See Henry Braun, Frank Jenkins, and Wendy Grigg, “A Closer Look at Charter Schools Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling,” NCES 2006-460, http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard//pubs/studies/2006460.asp . As discussed further in Chapter 4, Paul E. Peterson and Elena Llaudet, “On the Public-Private School Achievement Debate,” paper presented at the meetings of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia, August 2006 provides detailed criticism of a similar public-private school comparison study with the same data and defective methodology. That study is “Comparing Private Schools and Public Schools Using Hierarchical Linear Models,” NCES 2006-461, July 2006.
19 Jay P. Greene, Greg Forster, and Marcus A. Winters, “Apples to Apples: An Evaluation of Charter Schools Serving General Student Populations,” Manhattan Institute Education Working Paper no. 1, July 2003.
20 Lewis C. Solmon and Pete Goldschmidt, “Comparison of Traditional Public Schools and Charter Schools on Retention, School Switching, and Achievement Growth,” Goldwater Institute Policy Report no. 192, March 15, 2004.
21 Tom Loveless, Andrew P. Kelly, and Alice M. Henriques, “What Happens When Regular Public Schools Convert to Charter Schools?” Vanderbilt University, National Research and Development Center on School Choice, Competition, and Achievement, May 27, 2005.
22 Caroline M. Hoxby and Jonah E. Rockoff, “The Impact of Charter Schools on Student Achievement,” November 2004, http://post.economics.harvard.edu/faculty/hoxby/papers.html. For a description of a new randomized experimental study being conducted by Mathematica, see http://www.mathematica-mpr.com/education/charterschools.asp.
23 Caroline M. Hoxby and Jonah E. Rockoff, “Findings from the City of Big Shoulders,” Education News 4 (2005), http://www.hoover.org/publications/ednext/3217766.html.
24 Ibid.
25 Clive R. Belfield and Henry M. Levin, Education Privatization: Causes, Consequences, and Planning Implications (Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning, UNESCO, 2002), p. 56.
26 Vanourek, p. 24.
27 U.S. Government Accountability Office, “Charter Schools: To Enhance Education’s Monitoring and Research, More Charter School Level Data Are Needed,” January 2005, p. 28.
28 Caroline M. Hoxby, “How School Choice Affects the Achievement of Public School Students,” in Choice with Equity, ed. Paul T. Hill (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 2002), pp. 158, 162.
29 Ibid., p. 157.
30 Ibid., p. 161.
31 Kevin Booker, Scott Gilpatric, Timothy Gronberg, and Dennis Jansen, “The Effect of Charter Schools on Traditional Public School Students in Texas: Are Children Who