Ship of Ghosts - James D. Hornfischer [248]
CHAPTER 53 (pp. 346 to 351)
The Tenth Air Force: Army Air Forces Historical Office, The Tenth Air Force: 1943, 32–38. “A resourceful, able and wily enemy must be blasted from the jungles…”: General Order No. 1, Headquarters, Eastern Air Command, Dec. 15, 1943, quoted in Ibid., 38. January 1943 reconnaissance of railway: Fritsche, “Liberators on the Kwai,” 82. Friendly casualties from air attacks: Davies, The Man Behind the Bridge, 144; Kinvig, River Kwai Railway, 180–181. Houston men lost on the Tamahoko Maru were yeoman second class Robert P. Willerton and seaman first class Joseph J. Alleva, USS Houston Association crew roster; “List of Hellship Voyages,” last updated January 27, 2005, www.west-point.org/family/japanese-pow/Ships.htm. Lost Battalion hell ship KIA: Fillmore, Prisoner of War, 151–153. Submarine attack on Rakuyo Maru and Kachidoki Maru: Kinvig, 188. Death of Brigadier Varley: Kelly, Just Soldiers, www.anzacday.org.au/ history/ww2/anecdotes/survivors.html. “As men were received on board, we stripped them…”: “USS Pampanito (SS-383): The Third War Patrol.” “The first ‘open source’ information on conditions in the railway camps…”: Kinvig, 188.
CHAPTER 54 (pp. 352 to 357)
“Look at the mighty Japanese air force…”: Frank King, UNT interview, 138–139. Failed air attacks on Burma bridges: The Tenth Air Force: 1943, 105, 110–111. “When we protested the camp being located…”: Fillmore, Prisoner of War, 94. “You cussed the planes and everyone in them…”: Ibid., 101. “You want to cheer them for tearing up the bridge…”: Roy Offerle, UNT interview, 141. “Prisoners will not laugh at Japanese guards…”: Fillmore, 101. “That little P-51 came down with the B-24s…”: Luther Prunty, UNT interview, 195. “My friends, American airmen…”: Houston Tom Wright, UNT interview, 173. “I don’t believe it…”: James “Red” Huffman, interview with the author; see also Melfred L. Forsman, UNT interview, 204. “When the all-clear would go…” and “He was breathing under the ground…”: Huffman, Ibid. The AZON bomb: Kinvig, 182. Bombing of “Bridge 277” (the bridge at Tamarkan): Carl H. Frische, “Liberators on the Kwae,” 88. “You could see they were worried…”: John H. Wisecup, UNT interview, 115. “They had been very casual about guarding us…”: Eddie Fung, UNT interview, 139–140. Troops were advised to kill “cautiously and circumspectly…”: Brackman, The Other Nuremberg, 246. Declaration regarding “liquidation” of prisoner populations: Exhibit 2015, Tokyo War Crimes Trials, January 9, 1947, translated by Stephen H. Green, in Holmes, Unjust Enrichment, 123–124.
CHAPTER 55 (pp. 358 to 364)
Warship construction: Parshall, “Why Japan Really Lost the War.” “And you know, whoosh!”: John H. Wisecup, UNT interview, 112–113. Tonnage of bombs dropped on Japan, November 1944 to August 1945, and projections of September to December 1945: Frank, Downfall, 306. “Bombed Bullshit!” Luther Prunty, UNT interview, 186. “There wasn’t an engine on that railroad…”: Otto C. Schwarz, UNT interview, 143. “You know, you Americans think you’re smarter…”: Schwarz, 135–136. “Most of us stayed up to see the new year in…”: Fujita, diary entry for Jan. 1, 1945. “The Saturday morning raid was sure a rooter…”: Ibid., entry for March 9, 1945; in that attack as many as 100,000 people died; see Frank, Downfall, 16–17. U.S. prisoners at Ohasi: Jess Stanbrough, UNT interview, 152–153; Arthur L. Maher, “Jap Prison Experiences,” 24–25. “It smelled like a fireplace burning pine wood…”: Stanbrough, 155. “We more or less accepted it philosophically”: Maher, 25.