Shop Class as Soulcraft_ An Inquiry Into the Value of Work - Matthew B. Crawford [84]
17 Lears, No Place of Grace, p. 83.
18 Alan S. Blinder, “Offshoring: The Next Industrial Revolution?” Foreign Affairs (March/April 2006).
19 Alan S. Blinder, “Free Trade’s Great, but Offshoring Rattles Me,” Washington Post, May 6, 2007, p. B04.
20 Frank Levy, “Education and Inequality in the Creative Age,” Cato Unbound, June 9, 2006, available at www.cato-unbound.org/2006/06/09/frank-levy/.
2: The Separation of Thinking from Doing
1 Harry Braverman, Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974), p. 86.
2 Frederick Winslow Taylor, Principles of Scientific Management (New York and London: Harper and Brothers, 1915), p. 36.
3 Frederick Winslow Taylor, Shop Management (New York and London: Harper and Brothers, 1912), pp.98-9.
4 Ibid., p. 105. See the response to Taylor by N. P. Alifas, President of District No. 44, International Association of Machinists, in their dueling testimony before the U.S. Congress, in Industrial Relations: Final Report and Testimony, submitted to the Congress in 1916 by the Commission on Industrial Relations, vol. 1, pp. 940 ff.
5 Braverman, Labor and Monopoly Capital, p. 181.
6 George Sturt, The Wheelwright’s Shop (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), p. 45.
7 Keith Sward, The Legend of Henry Ford (New York: Rinehart, 1948), p. 49.
8 Braverman, Labor and Monopoly Capital, p. 150.
9 Thomas A. Kinney, The Carriage Trade: Making Horse-Drawn Vehicles in America (Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004), p. 241.
10 Krishan Kumar, From Post-Industrial to Post-Modern Society: New Theories of the Contemporary World (Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers, 1995), p. 33.
11 T. J. Jackson Lears, “The American Way of Debt,” New York Times Magazine, June 11, 2006.
12 Barbara Garson, The Electronic Sweatshop: How Computers Are Transforming the Office of the Future into the Factory of the Past (New York: Penguin, 1989), pp. 120-21.
13 Richard Florida, The Rise of the Creative Class: And How It’s Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday Life (New York: Basic Books, 2002), pp. 6 and 8.
14 Richard Florida, “The Future of the American Workforce in the Global Creative Economy,” Cato Unbound, June 4, 2006, available at www.cato-unbound.org/2006/06/04/richard-florida/.
15 Ibid.
16 Levy, “Education and Inequality in the Creative Age.”
17 This is Craig Calhoun’s formulation of one of Jackall’s findings. Craig Calhoun, “Why Do Bad Careers Happen to Good Managers?” Contemporary Sociology 18, no. 4 (July 1989), p. 544.
18 Florida, The Rise of the Creative Class, p. 10. Barbara Ehrenreich offers a sardonic take on such devices, which she encountered while undergoing an orientation program to work at Wal-Mart. “Sam [Walton] always said, and is shown saying, ‘the best ideas come from the associates’—for example, the idea of having a ‘people greeter,’ an elderly employee (excuse me, associate) who welcomes each customer as he or she enters the store. Three times during the orientation, . . . we are reminded that this brainstorm originated in a mere associate, and who knows what revolutions in retailing each one of us may propose? Because our ideas are welcome, more than welcome, and we are to think of our managers not as bosses but as ‘servant leaders’. . . .” Nickel and Dimed (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2001), p. 144.
19 Braverman, Labor and Monopoly Capital, p. 39.
20 Ibid., p. 444.
3: To Be Master of One’s Own Stuff
1 And in fact, it must be admitted that there is something delusional about this man. The handle on the faucet might be seen as flattering the user that he has something to do with the appearance of the water, when in fact it is conveyed to his hands by a whole infrastructure of plumbing to which he pays no mind. The decisive change occurred when he no longer had to fetch water himself from the river; the disappearance of the handle perhaps brings his dependence on others to his awareness, and this is the source of his discomfort.
2 Phil Irving, “How Engines Are Lubricated: