Shop Class as Soulcraft_ An Inquiry Into the Value of Work - Matthew B. Crawford [89]
14 Charles Murray, Real Education (New York: Random House, 2008), p. 103.
15 From a 2002 article in the Chronicle of Higher Education, as quoted by Noel Weyrich in the Pennsylvania Gazette, March/April 2006. It was Weyrich’s article that alerted me to some of the literature I cite in this section.
16 Phillip Brown and Richard Scase, Higher Education and Corporate Realities: Class, Culture and the Decline of Graduate Careers (London: UCL Press, 1994), p. 138.
17 David Labaree, How to Succeed in School Without Really Learning: The Credential Race in American Education (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1997), p. 3.
18 Ivar Berg, Education and Jobs: The Great Training Robbery (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1970).
19 Labaree, How to Succeed, p. 2.
20 Ibid.
21 Ibid., p. 13.
22 Where does this leave the bright kid from a lower-middle-class family who gets stellar SAT scores, studies hard, gets into a good college, and earns good marks there while working a part-time job? That job is sure to take time away from the extracurricular socialization process where the right attitudes are instilled, the subtle cues of self-presentation are learned, and cultural capital accrues. Brown and Scase write that “unless job applicants share the same cultural understandings and disposition as the recruiter, they will find it difficult to ‘decode’ the rules by which the selection process is being played” (Higher Education and Corporate Realities, p. 22). At the same time, the student’s need to send the right signals now, while still a student, is more desperate than ever, because with “flatter” hierarchies there is less opportunity for advancement within an organization. There isn’t much of a ladder of middle management to be climbed, and positions at the top are filled by horizontal recruitment from outside the firm.
23 David A. Franz, The Ethics of Incorporation (Ph.D. dissertation, Sociology Department, University of Virginia, 2009), p. 71.
24 Ibid.
25 Philip Rieff, The Triumph of the Therapeutic (New York: Harper and Row, 1966), p. 236.
26 Diamond and Diamond, Teambuilding That Gets Results, pp. 110-11.
27 Ibid., pp. 58-60.
28 Ibid. p. 60.
29 I owe the formulations of this paragraph to Manuel Lopez. In a related vein, he likens eruptions of obligatory office fun to “a high school pep rally, without the more natural enthusiasms generated by cheerleaders. They’re more like pep rallies led by a principal and middle-aged teachers, for example those ‘say no to drugs, get high on life!’ rallies that forced one to view the stoners with a new respect, or at least discover within oneself newfound powers of contempt” (personal communication).
30 See Landy and Conte, Work in the 21st Century, p. 169.
31 Diamond and Diamond, Teambuilding That Gets Results, p. 151.
32 Ibid., p. 140.
33 Ibid., p. 150.
34 I don’t want to idealize the trades. One of the worst jobs I ever had was on a large crew building a Home Depot in Southern California. The electrical work was well along by the time I joined, and a couple of the other electricians made a game of sending me off on wild-goose chases to find tools and materials that didn’t exist (it was only later that I realized this was what was going on). I got very little work done, and after a few days I was fired. Because there is little supervision by higher-ups on a job site, there is probably more abuse of workers by other workers in the trades than in the office. The new guy, the nonwhite guy, and the woman are especially likely to incur extra hardships.
35 Jackall, Moral Mazes, p. 135.
36 J. Henderlong and M. R. Lepper, “The Effects of Praise on Children’s Intrinsic Motivation: A Review and Synthesis,” Psychological Bulletin 128, no. 5 (2002), pp. 774-95, as quoted by Murray, Real Education , p. 130.
37 Murray, Real Education, p. 130.
7: Thinking as Doing
1 Anaxagoras as quoted by Aristotle, The Parts of Animals, 686a.
2 Heidegger, Being and Time, trans. Stambaugh, p. 63.
3 This is my own, somewhat free translation of Clouds 223-233.
4 This error can be made even by someone who