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43

Bernard Williams, “A Critique of Utilitarianism,” in J.J.C. Smart and Bernard Williams, Utilitarianism: For and Against (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973), pp. 98-100.

44

For more on the Sith’s and Jedi’s use of deception and truth, see Chapter 16 in this volume.

45

David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature, edited by David Fate Norton and Mary J. Norton (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), III.1.ii.1.

46

Mill, Utilitarianism, p. 18.

47

For further discussion of the value of love and attachment from a Hegelian philosophical perspective, see Chapter 12 in this volume

48

Immanuel Kant, Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, translated by Lewis White Beck (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1959), p. 47, Ak. 429.

49

I would like to thank Jason Eberl, Kevin Decker, and Jennifer Kwon for their comments on earlier drafts of this chapter.

50

For further discussion of love and attachment, see Chapter 12 in this volume.

51

See Plato, Timaeus, 28b-29; Republic, Book X, 596b-597d.

52

Plato, Phaedo, 66-67, translated by R. Hackforth, in R.E. Allen, ed., Greek Philosophy: Thales to Aristotle (New York: The Free Press, 1991), p. 164.

53

For more on the issue of freedom, see Chapter 1 in this volume.

54

Augustine, Confessions, Book VII, paragraph 7, translated by Henry Chadwick (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 116.

55

In the recent DVD release of Return of the Jedi, Hayden Christensen (the young Anakin) appears as Anakin at the victory celebration instead of Sebastian Shaw (the old Anakin), further underscoring the theme of triumphant redemption.

56

See Richard Routley and Val Routley, “Against the Inevitability of Human Chauvinism,” in K.E. Goodpaster and K. M. Sayre, eds., Ethics and Problems of the Twenty-First Century (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1979).

57

Peter Singer, “Not for Humans Only: The Place of Nonhumans in Environmental Issues,” in Ethics and Problems of the Twenty-First Century, op. cit., p. 194.

58

Peter Singer, Animal Liberation (St. Albinos: Paladin, 1975).

59

Holmes Rolston, III, Environmental Ethics: Duties to and Values in the Natural World (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1988), p. 199.

60

Holmes Rolston, III, Conserving Natural Value (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994), p. 81.

61

Ibid., p. 174.

62

Rolston, Environmental Ethics, p. 228.

63

Rolston, Conserving Natural Value, p. 177.

64

Ibid., pp. 143-44.

65

For more on this Platonic view of the Force, see Chapter 6 in this volume.

66

Symbiotic relationships regularly occur in the natural world; for example, think of all the good that bacteria do to clean environments. Rolston describes an ecosystem as “a community, where parts fit together in symbiosis” (Rolston, Environmental Ethics, p. 311).

67

Rolston, Environmental Ethics, p. 105. See Aristotle, Physics, Book II, Chapter 1, 192b10-35, in The Basic Works of Aristotle, edited by Richard McKeon (New York: Random House, 1941), p. 236.

68

For further discussion of a philosophical view of technology, see Chapter 9 in this volume.

69

Rolston, Conserving Natural Value, p. 81.

70

Ibid., p. 311.

71

This chapter has benefited from helpful comments and suggestions from Jerold J. Abrams, Jason Eberl, Kevin Decker, and Bill Irwin. May the Force be with them.

72

For further discussion of the ethics of Jedi “mind tricks,” see Chapter 5 in this volume.

73

See Martin Heidegger, Being and Time, translated by Joan Staumbaugh (New York: SUNY Press, 1996).

74

For an excellent study of Heidegger’s philosophy of technology, see George Pattison, The Later Heidegger (New York: Routledge, 2000). For an analysis of Heidegger’s general philosophy, see Magda King, A Guide to Heidegger’s Being and Time (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001); and George Steiner, Martin Heidegger (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978, 1989).

75

Heidegger, Being and Time, p. 1.

76

True thinking for Heidegger has been lost today—lost really ever since the fifth