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92

See Hubert Dreyfus, What Computers Can’t Do (New York: Harper and Row, 1979).

93

See David Chalmers, The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory (New York: Oxford University Press), pp. 6-11.

94

See George Roth and Michael Wullimann, Brain, Evolution, and Cognition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001).

95

See Mark Hollis, The Philosophy of the Social Sciences (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), and Ronald Lipsey, Introduction to Positive Economics (New York: Harper and Row, 1972).

96

Hans Moravec, Robot: Mere Machine to Transcendent Mind (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), pp. 58-61.

97

See David Hume, Treatise on Human Nature, edited by L.A. Selby-Bigge and P.H. Nidditch (Oxford: Clarendon, 1992), Book I, Part iii, §§ii-vi.

98

Ibid., Book I, Part iii, §vi.

99

G.W. Leibniz, Monadology, in G.W. Leibniz: Philosophical Essays, edited by Roger Ariew and Daniel Garber (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1989), §7, pp. 213-14.

100

In this example, I’m using the actions of a person, whom we might reasonably believe makes his own decisions and acts autonomously, so the analogy with inferences about causes in general wouldn’t make sense in this case. But the main point still holds; in any series of events, from the fact that they’ve always been observed to behave in a specific way, it doesn’t follow that they must continue to behave that way unless we have an independent reason for making that judgment.

101

Bertrand Russell, Mysticism and Logic (New York: Norton, 1929), p. 180.

102

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, The Phenomenology of Spirit, translated by A.V. Miller (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977), p. 808.

103

Lucas relates that in preparing for Star Wars he read fifty books on the religions of the world, but of these he mentions only one, Joseph Campbell’s The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Campbell’s book details the many myths and tales of the hero’s adventures as essentially a journey of self-transformation. Based on this reading, Lucas says that he “worked out a general theory for the Force, and then I played with it.” (Laurent Bouzereau, Star Wars: The Annotated Screenplays [New York: Ballantine, 1997], p. 35).

104

See G.W.F. Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, Volume I, edited by Peter C. Hodgson (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984).

105

For further discussion of the depiction of technology and nature in Star Wars, see Chapters 7 and 9 in this volume.

106

For further discussion of this political transformation in Star Wars, see Chapter 14 in this volume.

107

Hegel, The Phenomenology of Spirit, p. 131.

108

Epictetus, Enchiridion, #3. Available at http://classics.mit.edu/Epictetus/epicench.html . For more discussion of Stoic philosophy, see Chapter 2 in this volume.

109

See G.W.F. Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, Volume III, edited by Peter C. Hodgson (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985).

110

G.W.F. Hegel, Elements of the Philosophy of Right, edited by Allen W. Wood (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), p. 279, paragraph 258.

111

See G.W.F. Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, Volume II, edited by Peter C. Hodgson. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987), pp. 740-41.

112

Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, Volume III, p. 326.

113

Ibid., pp. 327-28. See James Lawler, “God and Man Separated No More: Hegel Overcomes the Unhappy Consciousness of Gibson’s Christianity,” in Jorge J.E. Gracia, ed., Mel Gibson’s Passion and Philosophy (Chicago: Open Court, 2004), pp. 62-76.

114

William Wordsworth, “Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood.” Available at http://www.bartleby.com/145/ww331.html.

115

Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, Volume I, pp. 347-48.

116

Hegel, The Phenomenology of Spirit, p. 110.

117

Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, Part I, Chapter XIV, in Great Books of the Western World, Volume 23 (Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, 1952), p. 85.

118

For further discussion