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108. Napier, 2000; Johnson, 2003.

109. Fishman and Fishman, 2003.

110. Amer. Assoc. for Marriage and Family Therapy Web page.

111. Eysenck 1952.

112. Eysenck, 1980:165.

113. Summarized in Reisman, 1976:352.

114. Luborsky, Singer, and Luborsky, 1975.

115. Parloff et al., 1978.

116. M. L. Smith, Glass, and Miller, 1980:87.

117. Luborsky, McLellan, et al., 1985.

118. Gerrig and Zimbardo, 2005:537; A. Beck, 2005:956; Crits-Christoph, personal communication; JAMA, June 28, 2006.

119. Goldapple, 2004; Judith Beck, personal communication.

120. P. Nathan and J. Gorman, 2002:643, 651.

121. Crits-Christoph, personal communication.

CHAPTER 18

1. Hilgard, 1987:705–706.

2. Nichols, 1997.

3. Herrmann et al., 2006:203.

4. Childress, 1999.

5. Donald Norman, personal communication.

6. APA Practice Directorate, 1991a.

7. Niaura et al., 2002; Rodin and Salovey, 1989.

8. Holahan et al., 1997; Kuijer et al., 2000; D. Russell and Cutrona, 1991.

9. Yesavage and Sheikh, 1988; Herrmann et al., 2006:69; Davis et al., 2005.

10. L. Saxe and M. Fine, 1981:14.

11. Lazar and Darlington, 1982.

12. Zigler and Styfco, 1994:129.

13. Hilgard, 1987:719–721.

14. M. Hunt, 1952a.

15. W. Gregory and W. Burroughs, 1989:56–61.

16. Jewell and Siegall, 1990:238–239.

17. Tractinsky, 1997; Tractinsky et al., 2000.

18. Norman, 2004:19.

19. O. Newman, 1972.

20. Giovannini, 2000; Sundstrom, Burt, and Kamp, 1980.

21. Gladwell, 2000.

22. Baum and Davis, 1980.

23. Druckman and Swets, 1988; Druckman and Bjork, 1991.

24. Druckman and Bjork, 1991:30.

25. Druckman and Swets, 1988:70; Druckman and Bjork, 1991:204–210.

26. Gazzaniga and Heatherton, 2006:29.

27. Jewell and Siegall, 1990:239.

28. Dave Nershi, executive director, Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology.

29. Baron et al., 2006:538.

30. Jean B. Lapointe, quoted in K. Murphy and Saal, 1990:7.

31. Jewell and Siegall, 1990:251, 259–260; Smither, 1988:323, 325.

32. Baron et al., 2006:541–542

33. Arvey et al., 1989, cited in Baron et al., 2006:541–542.

34. Gregory and Burroughs, 1989:98, adjusted to 2006 dollar values.

35. Ibid.

36. Harrison Gough, personal communication (in 1992) about the Institute of Personality Assessment and Research, Berkeley, CA.

37. Dixon, 1988.

38. Bray, 1982; Bray and Byham, 1991.

39. Bray, 1982.

40. Hollenbeck, 1990; Byham, 1986; Bray and Byham, 1991.

41. Advantage Hiring Newsletter, January 2002 (www.advantagehiring.com/newsletter/0102/AssessmentCenters.htm); APA online, 2006.

42. See any of hundreds of commercial Web pages in Google (2007) under “employee testing” and “assessment centers.”

43. Miner, 2004–2005.

44. Carter, 2005.

45. Gottesman, 1981; Turkheimer and Gottesman, 1991.

46. M. Hunt, 1971.

47. For charges against the SAT, see Wise, 2002, and others. The rebuttal: personal communication from Caren Scoropanos, Public Affairs, of the College Board.

48. Wigdor, 1990; see also National Research Council, 1989.

49. Wigdor, 1990.

50. E.g., Gottfredson, 1991, 1994.

51. National Research Council, 1989:261.

52. M. Hunt, 1999:95.

53. New York Times, op-ed page, July 2, 2006.

54. See, for instance, University of Wisconsin news release on www.uwsp.edu/news/ pr/scEmployeeTheft.htm.

55. U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, 1990:1–2.

56. APA Science Directorate, 1991.

57. Arnold, 1991; Reid Bulletin (Reid Psychological Systems, Chi., IL), Fall/Winter, 1991. On the settlement: Coyne, 2002.

58. APS Observer, May 1991:8.

59. Pratkanis and Aronson, 1992:9.

60. Packard, 1981 [1957]:1.

61. Quoted in Packard, 1981 [1957]:25.

62. Clark, 1988:73.

63. Packard, 1981 [1957]:55–56.

64. Engel, Blackwell, and Kollat, 1978:430–431; John T. Cacioppo and Richard E. Petty, in Alwitt and Mitchell, 1985; Zajonc, 1980, 2001.

65. Gorn, 1982; Hawkins, Best, and Coney, 1983.

66. D. Moore and J. Wesley Hutchinson,