Switch - Chip Heath [120]
Obesity is contagious. See Nicholas A. Christakis and James H. Fowler (2007). “The Spread of Obesity in a Large Social Network over 32 Years,” New England Journal of Medicine, 357, 370–379. The quotation is from Gina Kolata (June 25, 2007), “Study Says Obesity Can Be Contagious,” New York Times. Be on the lookout for Christakis and Fowler’s book Connected: The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives, New York: Little, Brown and Company (2009).
Drinking is contagious. See Michael Kremer and Dan Levy (2005), “Peer Effects and Alcohol Use Among College Students,” Working paper, Harvard University.
Guests at the hotel reuse their towels. See Noah J. Goldstein, Steve J. Martin, and Robert B. Cialdini (2008), Yes! 50 Scientifically Proven Ways to Be Persuasive, New York: Free Press, ch. 1.
Gerard Cachon. Chip Heath interviewed Gerard Cachon in August 2008 and May 2009.
Designated driver. Statistics are from Harvard University’s School of Public Health, http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/research/chc/harvard-alcohol-project/ (accessed June 14, 2009). The Grant Tinker quotations are from Nikki Finke (December 29, 1988), “A TV Crusade on Drunken Driving,” Los Angeles Times, p. 5E.
“Sugar-daddy” relationships. Statistics about cross-generational relationships are from Population Reference Bureau (2007), Addressing Cross-Generational Sex: A Desk Review of Research and Programs. The American teens statistic is on p. 16; the statistic for sub-Saharan Africa is on p. 9.
Fataki. We led the workshop that developed the Fataki idea and the first three radio commercials. A video of Chip Heath talking about the work on the day the first radio spots were recorded is on The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer website: http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/july-dec07/aids_11-30.html. Dan Heath was, at that moment, Photoshopping a prototype of the first Fataki billboards.
Lou Gerstner … “Culture … is the game.” See Louis V. Gerstner (2002), Who Says Elephants Can’t Dance?, New York: HarperBusiness, p. 182.
Katherine Kellogg. Thanks to Kellogg’s careful work, this is one of the most closely observed change efforts in the entire organizational behavior literature. See Katherine C. Kellogg (2008), “Not Faking It: Making Real Change in Response to Regulation at Two Surgical Teaching Hospitals,” Working paper, MIT.
Chapter Eleven
Skateboarding monkey. Parts of the section on Amy Sutherland and exotic-animal training originally appeared in our Fast Company column (April 2008), “Your Boss Is a Monkey,” http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/124/your-boss-is-a-monkey.html (accessed June 14, 2009).
“What Shamu Taught Me.” The New York Times article is from June 25, 2006, and can be found at http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/25/fashion/25love.html (accessed May 17, 2009). Also see Amy Sutherland (2008), What Shamu Taught Me About Life, Love, and Marriage: Lessons for People from Animals and Their Trainers, New York: Random House. The “verbal grooming” quotation and other details are from an interview between Dan Heath and Amy Sutherland in January 2008.
Psychologist Alan Kazdin. See Kazdin (2008), The Kazdin Method for Parenting the Defiant Child: With No Pills, No Therapy, No Contest of Wills, New York: Houghton Mifflin. The quotations are from p. 34.
Change isn’t an event; it’s a process. Chip Heath thanks Bo Brockman for teaching this idea.
Steven Kelman. On pp. 22–24, Kelman explains why mere exposure and cognitive dissonance may cause people to resist change. Then, in an insightful analysis on pp. 123–127, he shows how the same factors make change hard to stop once they get going. See Kelman (2005), Unleashing Change: A Study of Organizational Renewal in Government, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.