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“I have been two…healthful channels”: TW to WHS, November 11, 1837, quoted in Van Deusen, Thurlow Weed, p. 95.

Weed raised money…powerful New York Tribune: Autobiography of Thurlow Weed, ed. Weed, pp. 466–67; Seward, Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat, pp. 45, 88.

1838 gubernatorial campaign: Van Deusen, William Henry Seward, pp. 49–52.

received the nomination on the fourth ballot: Seward, An Autobiography, p. 373; Van Deusen, Thurlow Weed, p. 100.

“Well, Seward…earnestly to work”: TW to WHS, September 15, 1838, reel 5, Seward Papers.

the overwhelming victor: Seward, An Autobiography, p. 378.

“God bless…result to him”: WHS, quoted in J. C. Derby, Fifty Years Among Authors, Books and Publishers (New York: G.W. Carleton & Co., 1884), p. 58.

“It is a fearful post…a house alone”: WHS to TW, November 11, 1838, hereafter Weed Papers.

Weed arrived…inaugural outfit: WHS to TW, November 28, 1838, Weed Papers; Seward, An Autobiography, pp. 381–82 (quote p. 382); Van Deusen, Thurlow Weed, p. 102.

“it was [his]…a cabinet”: WHS to Hiram Ketchum, February 15, 1839, reel 8, Seward Papers.

“Your letter…as it comes up”: WHS to [TW], November 23, 1837, in Seward, An Autobiography, p. 345.

“I had no idea…amiable creatures”: WHS to TW, December 14, 1838, in ibid., p. 381.

“There were never two…highest sense”: Barnes, Memoir of Thurlow Weed, p. 262.

told the story of a carriage ride: Seward, An Autobiography, p. 395.

an ambitious agenda…imprisonment for debt: WHS, “Annual Message to the Legislature, January 1, 1839,” The Works of William H. Seward, Vol. II, pp. 183–211; Seward, An Autobiography, pp. 386–87.

“Our race is ordained”…the engine of Northern expansion: WHS, “Annual Message, 1839,” Works of William H. Seward, Vol. II, pp. 197–99.

to support parochial schools: Ibid., p. 199; WHS, “Annual Message to the Legislature, January 7, 1840,” p. 215.

“to overthrow republican”…the hands of priests: Seward, An Autobiography, p. 462.

“Virginia Case”…governor refused: WHS, “Biographical Memoir of William H. Seward,” Works of William H. Seward, Vol. I, pp. lxiii–lxvi.

“the universal sentiment…praiseworthy”: George E. Baker, ed., Life of William H. Seward, with Selections from His Works (New York: J. S. Redfield, 1855), p. 85.

“intermeddling…New England fanatic”: Seward, An Autobiography, pp. 463, 464.

This only emboldened Seward’s resolve: Ibid., pp. 463–64, 510–11.

the “new irritation”: Thomas Jefferson to John Holmes, April 22, 1820, in The Works of Thomas Jefferson, Vol. XII, ed. Ford, p. 158.

number of slaves who escaped to the North: Don E. Fehrenbacher, “The Wilmot Proviso and the Mid-Century Crisis,” in Fehrenbacher, The South and Three Sectional Crises (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1980), p. 33.

“all actions…Constitution”: William H. Pease and Jane H. Pease, ed. The Antislavery Argument (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1965), p. xxx.

“The Empire of Satan”: Henry Mayer, All on Fire: William Lloyd Garrison and the Abolition of Slavery (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1998), p. 188.

They proclaimed slavery a “positive good”: John C. Calhoun, Remarks of Mr. Calhoun of South Carolina, on the Reception of Abolition Petitions, delivered in the Senate of the United States, February 1837, reprinted in Robert C. Byrd, The Senate, 1789–1989. Vol. III: Classic Speeches, 1830–1993, Bicentennial Edition, ed. Wendy Wolff (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1994), p. 177.

incited attacks on abolitionist printers: Niven, Salmon P. Chase, pp. 47–48.

Seward reelected but with a reduced margin: Seward, An Autobiography, p. 506.

“henceforth be…in his life”: Horace Greeley article, Log Cabin, in ibid., p. 510.

“All that can…in its history”: WHS to Christopher Morgan, [June?] 1841, in ibid., p. 547.

“What am I…on your affection?”: WHS to TW, December 31, 1842, quoted in Barnes, Memoir of Thurlow Weed, p. 98.

the new Liberty Party: “Liberty Party,” in The Reader’s Companion to American History, ed. Foner and Garraty, p. 657;