Thailand (Lonely Planet, 13th Edition) - China Williams [663]
Australia and Thailand are now working in close collaboration to identify the species of jellyfish in Thai waters, as well as their ecology – hopefully enabling better prediction and detection of the jellyfish.
Thanks to Dr Peter Fenner for the information in this boxed text.
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Skin Problems
Fungal rashes are common in humid climates. Two fungal rashes commonly affect travellers. The first occurs in moist areas that get less air such as the groin, armpits and between the toes. It starts as a red patch that slowly spreads and is usually itchy. Treatment involves keeping the skin dry, avoiding chafing and using an antifungal cream such as Clotrimazole or Lamisil. Tinea versicolor is also common – this fungus causes small and light-coloured patches, most commonly on the back, chest and shoulders. Consult a doctor.
Cuts and scratches become easily infected in humid climates. Take meticulous care of any cuts and scratches to prevent complications such as abscesses. Immediately wash all wounds in clean water and apply antiseptic. If you develop signs of infection (increasing pain and redness) see a doctor. Divers and surfers should be particularly careful with coral cuts as they can easily become infected.
Snakes
Over 175 species of snake have been identified in Thailand, of which 85 are at least mildly venomous. Various snakes in the viper, krait and cobra families are responsible for the majority of serious envenomations. It is best to assume any snake is poisonous and never try to catch one. Always wear boots and long pants if walking in an area that may have snakes. First aid in the event of a snake bite involves ‘pressure immobilisation’ using an elastic bandage firmly wrapped around the affected limb, starting at the hand or foot (depending on the limb bitten) and working up towards the chest. The bandage should not be so tight that the circulation is cut off, and the fingers or toes should be kept free so the circulation can be checked. Immobilise the limb with a splint and carry the victim to medical attention. It is very important that the victim stays immobile. Do not use tourniquets or try to suck the venom out. Leave the bandage in place and go to the nearest hospital for evaluation. The Thai Red Cross produces antivenom for many of the poisonous snakes in Thailand. Antivenom is not given automatically and the hospital will assess the severity of the envenomation. Snake bites are rare in travellers.
Sunburn
Even on a cloudy day sunburn can occur rapidly. Use a strong sunscreen (at least factor 30), making sure to reapply after a swim, and always wear a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses outdoors. Avoid lying in the sun during the hottest part of the day (10am to 2pm). If you become sunburnt stay out of the sun until you have recovered, apply cool compresses and take painkillers for the discomfort. One per cent hydrocortisone cream applied twice daily is also helpful.
TRAVELLING WITH CHILDREN
Thailand is a great place to travel with children; it is relatively safe from a health point of view if you don’t venture too far off the beaten track. It is wise to consult a doctor who specialises in travel medicine prior to travel to ensure your child is appropriately prepared. Children are not mini adults and it is important that you carry a medical kit designed specifically for them. In particular have adequate paracetamol or Tylenol syrup for fevers, an antihistamine, itch cream, first-aid supplies, nappy-rash treatment and plenty of age-appropriate sunscreen and insect repellent. It is a good idea to carry a general antibiotic (best used under medical supervision) – Azithromycin is ideal as it comes in a paediatric formula and can be used to treat bacterial diarrhoea, ear, chest and throat infections. Some medications that are avoided in countries such as Australia and the US are used frequently in Asia (for example anti-nausea medications). By carrying