The Airplane - Jay Spenser [145]
heavier-than-air flying machine, 7, 10, 18
Europe’s first, 35
first extended flight of, 31–32
retractable wheels for, 248
Heinkel, Ernst, 231, 232
Heinkel Flugzeugwerke, 231
helicopter
da Vinci concept, 6
rudimentary, 4
Wright’s free-flying, 24–25
Hempstead Plains, New York, 177
Henson Aerial Steam Carriage, 12, 13, 34, 38, 89, 106, 148
Henson’s models of, 12–15
introduced the airplane to the world, 15
misleading paradigm of, 35, 148–49
two-axis control, 153
Henson, William S., 11, 12, 34, 88–89
airplane design goal of, 11–12
as earliest airplane designer, 2
Heron, Sam D., 217–18, 218
Herring, Augustus, 96
high-altitude airports, 225–27
high-density seating, 274–75
high-speed airflows, 231
high-speed flight, 129, 131-32
Hispano-Suiza engine, 212
Hitler, Adolf, 121
homing indicator, 188
horizontal stabilizers, 140
Hudson-Fulton Celebration, 240–41
Hudson, Henry, 240
Huffman Prairie, 161–62
Hughes H-4 Hercules, 73
Hughes, Howard, 73, 247
human beings
airplanes physically occupied by, 173
natural obstacle surmounted by, 52
spatial orientation of, 178–79
vestibular system of, 179
hydraulically actuated propellers, 224–25. See also Hamilton Standard
hydroaeroplane, 47, 47, 242–43. See also boat-hulled fuselage; flying boat design
ILS. See instrument landing system
industrial design movement, US, 274
industrial revolution, 5–6, 22
Ingle, Gladys, 214
inline aero engines, 208, 211
instrument landing system (ILS), 288
instruments
Boeing 247 panel of, 192–93, 193
in cockpits, 176–77
Doolittle and, 184
flight/engine, 176
Inter-Allied Commission of Control, 77
internal combustion engines
functioning of, 207–8
Lenoir creating, 201–2
internal-combustion gasoline engine, 6
James, Jesse, 104
Jannus, Tony, 253–54
jet engines, 233
co-inventors of, 231–32
production, 233
jetliners
de Havilland DH.106 Comet, first, 83
efficiency of, 305–6
Fowler flaps on, 124
glass cockpits of, 198
global warming and, 236–37, 306
Krueger flaps on, 124–25
microalgae biofuels research, 306–7
technology integration benefiting, 294
wing spoilers of, 172
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 131
Jones, Robert T., 132
Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and the Arts (Nicholson), 9
Junkers F 13, 68
enclosed cabin of, 257
as first all-metal airliner, 257
Junkers G.23, 115
Junkers, Hugo, 54, 75
aviation field entered by, 114–15
working with Fokker, 116–17
all metal airplanes of, 76
thick winged monoplanes designed by, 75–76
thick wings idea of, 112
Junkers J 1 Blechesel, 75, 115
Junkers J 4, 74, 74–75
Junkers Ju 52 trimotor, 68, 76
J.V. Martin K.III Kitten, 249–50
Kármán, Theodore von, 131
Kelsey, Ben, 191
Kill Devil Hills, 156, 161–62
kites, 2–3, 26, 41
Kitty Hawk, NC, 17–18, 107, 155, 157–60
Koerner, John, 23
Koerner, Susan. See Wright, Susan
Kollsman altimeters, 186–87, 284
Kollsman, Paul, 185–87
Krueger flaps, 124–25
Laird Super Solution racer, 250–51
landing gear, tricycle, 238–40
Langley Aerodrome A, 42–44, 43, 203–4
Langley Aerodrome No. 5, 30–31, 31
Langley, Samuel Pierpont, 31, 42, 95, 149
aero engine development sponsored by, 203
death of, 44
model airplane launched by, 30–31
lateral control systems, 157
lateral/longitudinal stability, 98, 159–60
Latham, Hubert, 48, 53, 62, 149, 175
Lawrance Aero Engine Company, 215
Lawrance, Charles Lanier, 215–16, 219
LCD. See liquid-crystal display
leading-edge devices, 124
League, Archie, 183
Le Mans, France, 145 L’Empire de l’Air (Mouillard), 151
Lenoir, Jean Joseph Étienne, 33, 201–2
LePere biplane, 212–13
Le Rhône, 209
Levavasseur, Léon, 149, 206–7
Liberty engine, 213–14
lift/drag data, 108, 110, 158
Lilienthal, Otto, 29, 30, 38–39, 147, 150–51
fatal accident of, 40
first gliding flights of, 39
glider control of, 150
glider crash death of, 29–30, 96
rigid winged gliders of, 103–4
Lindbergh, Charles, 52, 72, 119
flight portends commercial air travel, 119, 181
Guggenheim, H., meeting