The Believing Brain - Michael Shermer [189]
26. Lew Freedman, Anchorage Daily News, March 19, 1993, quoted at http://www.helpsleddogs.org/remarks-mushersmistreatingdogs.htm#hallucinate.
27. Samuel M. McClure, David I. Laibson, George Loewenstein, and Jonathan D. Cohen, “Separate Neural Systems Value Immediate and Delayed Monetary Rewards,” Science 306, no. 5695 (October 15, 2004): 503–7.
28. Antonio R. Damasio, Descartes’ Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain (New York: Putnam, 1994); Ellen Peters and Paul Slovic, “The Springs of Action: Affective and Analytical Information Processing in Choice,” Personality and Social Psychological Bulletin 26, no. 12 (December 2000): 1465–75; Jon Elster, Ulysses and the Sirens: Studies in Rationality and Irrationality (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979); Roy F. Baumeister, Todd F. Heatherton, and Dianne M. Tice, Losing Control: How and Why People Fail at Self-Regulation (San Diego: Academic Press, 1994); George Loewenstein, “Out of Control: Visceral Influences on Behavior,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 65, no. 3 (March 1996): 272–92; George F. Loewenstein and Jennifer Lerner, “The Role of Affect in Decision Making,” in Handbook of Affective Sciences, ed. R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, and H. H. Goldsmith (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), 619–42.
29. Andy Clark, Supersizing the Mind: Embodiment, Action, and Cognitive Extension (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008).
30. Peter Brugger and Christine Mohr, “Out of the Body, but Not Out of Mind,” Cortex 45 (2009): 137–40.
31. A. Newberg, E. D’Aquili, and V. Rause, Why God Won’t Go Away (New York: Ballantine Books, 2001).
32. V. S. Ramachandran and Eric L. Altschuler, “The Use of Visual Feedback, in Particular Mirror Visual Feedback, in Restoring Brain Function,” Brain 132, no. 7 (2009): 1693–1710.
33. Rama’s TED talk about this research can be viewed here: http://www.ted.com/talks/vilayanur_ramachandran_on_your_mind.html.
34. Michael Gazzaniga, The Ethical Brain (New York: Dana Press, 2005), 150.
Chapter 6: The Believing Neuron
1. Richard Dawkins, The Ancestor’s Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Evolution (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2004), 551–52.
2. There are many excellent books on neuroscience. Two recent ones I consult often are Joseph LeDoux, Synaptic Self: How Our Brains Become Who We Are (New York: Viking, 2002); and Christof Koch, The Quest for Consciousness: A Neurobiological Approach (Denver: Roberts and Company, 2004).
3. Gabriel Kreiman, Itzhak Fried, and Christof Koch, “Single Neuron Correlates of Subjective Vision in the Human Medial Temporal Lobe,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 99, no. 12 (June 11, 2002): 8378–83.
4. James Olds and Peter Milner, “Positive Reinforcement Produced by Electrical Stimulation of Septal Area and Other Regions of Rat Brain,” Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 47 (1954): 419–27.
5. M. E. Olds and J. L. Fobes, “The Central Basis of Motivation: Intracranial Self-Stimulation Studies,” Annual Review of Psychology 32 (January 1981): 523–74; M. P. Bishop, S. T. Elder, and R. G. Heath, “Intracranial Self-Stimulation in Man,” Science 140, no. 3565 (April 26, 1963): 394–96.
6. Morten Kringelbach and Kent C. Berridge, eds., Pleasures of the Brain (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010).
7. Personal correspondence, January 10, 2010.
8. Peter Brugger and Christine Mohr, “The Paranormal Mind: How the Study of Anomalous Experiences and Beliefs May Inform Cognitive Neuroscience,” Cortex 44, no. 10 (November/December 2008): 1291–98.
9. P. Reed, D. Wakefield, J. Harris, J. Parry, M. Cella, and E. Tsakanikos, “Seeing Non-Existent Events: Effects of Environmental Conditions, Schizotypal Symptoms, and Sub-Clinical Characteristics,” Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 39, no. 3 (September 2008): 276–91.
10. Christine Mohr, Theodor Landis, and Peter Brugger,