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Ayman al-Zawahiri: Originally one of the leaders of Egyptian Islamic Jihad, he supported the group’s merger with al-Qaeda and became bin Laden’s deputy. He helped surround bin Laden with fellow Egyptians, ensuring that they dominated and shaped al-Qaeda. He is suspected of being behind the 1989 assassination of Abdullah Azzam. On June 16, 2011, al-Qaeda announced that he had been appointed the new leader of the group following bin Laden’s death.

Aaron Zebley: FBI special agent with a legal background who was instrumental in apprehending and gaining a confession from Khalfan Khamis Mohamed, an operative involved in the 1998 East African embassy bombings. He was assigned to the 9/11 investigation after the attacks, and with Mike Butsch trailed Ramzi Binalshibh. [22 words redacted]

Key Documents and Articles Cited

Note: Spellings are as in original.

United States v. Usama Bin Laden, Indictment (unsealed November 4, 1998), http://jya.com/usa-v-laden.htm.

United States v. Usama Bin Laden, Muhammad Atef, Wadih El Hage, Fazul Adbullah Mohammed, Mohamed Saeek Odeh, Mohamed Rasheed Daoud Al-Owhali, Indictment, November 4, 1998, http://jya.com/usa-v-laden+5.htm.

USA v. Usama bin Laden et al. trial in the Southern District of New York (Days 1–76, Pre-Sentencing Hearing, Sentencing Hearing), February 5, 2001–October 18, 2001, http://cryptome.org/usa-v-ubl-dt.htm.

The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (New York: W. W. Norton, 2004), http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf.

John L. Helgerson, CIA Office of Inspector General Report on CIA Accountability with Respect to the 9/11 Attacks, June 2005, http://www.fas.org/irp/cia/product/oig-911.pdf.

U.S. Department of Justice, Office of the Inspector General Report: A Review of the FBI’s Involvement in and Observations of Detainee Interrogations in Guantánamo Bay, Afghanistan, and Iraq, http://www.justice.gov/oig/special/s0805/final.pdf.

Department of Justice, Office of Professional Responsibility Report—Investigation into the Office of Legal Counsel’s Memoranda Concerning Issues Relating to the Central Intelligence Agency’s Use of “Enhanced Interrogation Techniques” on Suspected Terrorists, http://judiciary.house.gov/hearings/pdf/OPRFinalReport090729.pdf.

CIA Office of Inspector General, Counterterrorism Detention and Interrogation Activities (September 1–October 2003), May 7, 2004, http://luxmedia.com.edgesuite.net/aclu/IG_Report.pdf.

U.S. Senate, Report of the Select Committee on Intelligence on Postwar Findings About Iraq’s WMD Programs and Links to Terrorism and How They Compare with Prewar Assessments, September 8, 2006, http://intelligence.senate.gov/phaseiiaccuracy.pdf.

Penttbom Timeline Briefing, FBI Headquarters, December 10–11, 2003, http://www.scribd.com/doc/20830948/Mfr-Nara-t1a-FBI-Penttbom-Timeline-Briefing-12-10-03-00265.

U.S. Senate, Report of the Committee on Armed Services: Inquiry into the Treatment of Detainees in U.S. Custody, http://armed-services.senate.gov/Publications/Detainee%20Report%20Final_April%2022%202009.pdf.

CIA Report, Detainee Reporting Pivotal for the War Against Al-Qa’ida, June 3, 2005, http://ccrjustice.org/files/CIA%20Doc%20Detainee%20Reporting%20Pivotal.pdf.

U.S Department of Justice, Office of Legal Counsel: Memorandum for John Rizzo, Acting General Counsel of the Central Intelligence Agency (Bybee Memo), August 1, 2002, http://media.mcclatchydc.com/smedia/2009/04/16/16/Taylor-OLC-CIAtorturememo-1.source.prod_affiliate.91.pdf.

U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Legal Counsel, Memorandum for John A. Rizzo Senior Deputy General Counsel, Central Intelligence Agency (Bradbury Memo), May 30, 2005, http://media.mcclatchydc.com/smedia/2009/04/16/16/Taylor-OLC-CIAmemo3-1.source.prod_affiliate.91.pdf.

The CIA Interrogation of Abu Zubaydah (March 2001–Jan. 2003),* http://www.aclu.org/files/assets/CIA_Interrogation_of_AZ_released_04-15-10.pdf.

Department of Defense Joint Task-Force 170 Guantánamo Bay,