The Book of Lost Tales, Part 1 - J. R. R. Tolkien [152]
It will be seen that a great many elements in the later languages, Quenya and Sindarin, as they are known from the published works, go back to the beginning; the languages, like the legends, were a continuous evolution, expansion, and refinement. But the historical status and relationship of the two languages as they were conceived at this time was radically changed later on: see p. 51.
The arrangement of the material has proved difficult, and indeed without a better understanding of relationships and their shifting formulations could scarcely be made satisfactory. The system I have adopted is to give etymologically-connected groups of words, in both Qenya and Gnomish, under an important name that contains one of them; to this entry other occurrences of a word in the group are referred (e.g. glor- in Glorvent, Bráglorin is referred to the entry Laurelin, where the etymological associations of Qenya laurë ‘gold’ are given).* Every name in the Lost Tales of this volume is given—that is, if any contemporary etymological information is to be found concerning it: any name not found in the following list is either quite opaque to me, or at least cannot be identified with any certainty. Rejected names are also included, on the same basis, but are given under the names that replaced them (e.g. Dor Uswen under Dor Faidwen).
The list of secondary names of the Valar which is written out on blank facing pages in the tale of The Coming of the Valar (see p. 93) is referred to as ‘the Valar name-list’. The sign < is used only where it is used in the Gnomish dictionary, as alfa < alchwa, meaning that the one was historically derived from the other: it is not used in this Appendix to refer to alterations made by my father in the dictionaries themselves.
Ainur Among the original entries in QL are ainu ‘a pagan god’ and aini ‘a pagan goddess’, together with áye ‘hail!’ and Ainatar ‘Ilúvatar, God’. (Of course no one within the context of the mythology can call the Ainur ‘pagan’.) GL has Ain: ‘also with distinctive masc. and fem. forms Ainos and Ainil, a God, i.e. one of the Great Valar’.
Alalminórë See Aldaron, Valinor. In QL Alalminórë is glossed ‘Land of Elms, one of the provinces of Inwinórë in which is situated Kortirion (Warwickshire)’ i.e. Alalminórë="Warwickshire" (see p. 25). Gnornish words are laln or larm, also lalmir, ‘elm’.
Aldaron In QL is a root ALA ‘spread’, with derivatives alda ‘tree’, aldëa ‘tree-shadowed’, aldëon ‘avenue of trees’, and alalmë ‘elm’ (see Alalminórë). In GL this name of Oromë appears as Aldor and Ormaldor (Oromë is Orma in Gnomish); ald ‘wood (material)’, later altered to âl.
Alqaluntë QL alqa ‘swan’ GL alcwi, with the corresponding word in Qenya here given as alqë, alcwi changed later to alfa < alchwa.
QL luntë ‘ship’ from root LUTU, with other derivatives lúto ‘flood’ and verb lutta-, lutu- ‘flow, float’ (cf. Ilsaluntë). GL has correspondingly lunta ‘ship’, lud- ‘flow, stream, float’.
Aluin See Lúmin.
Amillo This appears in QL but with no indication of meaning; A million is Amillo’s month, February (one of the most ‘primitive’ entries).
Angaino Together with angayassë ‘misery’, angaitya ‘torment’, Angaino is given in QL separately from the ‘iron’ words (see Angamandi) and was first defined as ‘a giant’, emended to ‘the great chain’. In GL Melko has a name Angainos, with a note: ‘Do not confuse Gnomish Angainos with Qenya Angaino (Gnomish Gainu), the great chain of tilkal.’ Under Gainu there is a later note: ‘popularly connected with ang “iron” but really = “tormentor”.’
Angamandi QL has anga ‘iron’ (which is the a of tilkal, p. 100), angaina ‘of iron’, Angaron(ti) ‘Mountains of Iron’, and Angamandu or Eremandu ‘Hells of Iron’ (added later: ‘or Angamandi, plural’). The Gnomish forms are ang ‘iron’ (as in Angol, see under Eriol), angrin ‘of iron’, Angband—which, strangely, is said in GL to be ‘Melko