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names for the lowest air were Gwilfa or Fâ; the latter is said to be of unknown etymology. The corresponding Qenya names are given in GL as Fâ and Favilna, and these appear in QL under a root FAGA without translation, merely as equivalents of Vilna. Other Gnomish words are gwil- ‘sail, float, fly’, gwilith ‘breeze’, gwilbrin ‘butterfly’: these correspond to words in QL under a root GWILI, wili- ‘sail, float, fly’, wilin ‘bird’, wilwarin ‘butterfly’. Another name of Manweg as Lord of the Winds, Famfir, is given in GL.

Voronwë See Bronweg.

Vorotemnar For voro ‘ever’ see Bronweg. Temnar must be from root TEME ‘tie’, of which no derivative words are listed in QL.

Wendelin This is not in QL, but GL gives Gwendeling (changed later to Gwedhiling) as the Gnomish name corresponding to Qenya Wendelin; ‘Queen of the Woodland Elves, mother of Tinúviel’ (the only occurrence of the name Tinúviel in the dictionaries). The name must be related to Qenya wen ‘maid, girl’ and the Gnomish forms given under Urwen.

Wingildi See Wingilot.

Wingilot Under the root GWINGI/GWIGI in QL are wingë ‘foam, spindrift’, wingilot ‘foamflower, Eärendel’s boat’, and wingild- ‘nymph’ (cf. Wingildi). For the element -lot see Lindelos.

GL has the entry: ‘Gwingalos or Gwingli=Lothwinga or Foamflower, the name of Eärendel’s (Ioringli’s) boat’ also lothwing ‘foamflower’, gwing ‘wavecrest, foam’, and gwingil ‘foam-maiden (mermaid, one of the attendants of Uinen)’.

Wirilómë See Gwerlum.

Wiruin See Gwerlum.

Yavanna In QL this name is given under the root YAVA, together with yavin ‘bears fruit’, yáva ‘fruit’, yávan ‘harvest, autumn’. The Gnomish form is Ifon, Ivon, ‘especially in the combinations Ivon Belaurin, Ivon Címir, Ivon i · Vladorwen’ see Kémi, Palúrien.

SHORT GLOSSARY OF OBSOLETE, ARCHAIC, AND RARE WORDS

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an if, 64, 140, 149, 155, 165, 180, 182, 189, 197, 208

arrassed covered with arras (rich figured tapestry), 17

astonied stunned, astonished, 116, 185

bason formerly a common spelling of basin, 164 etc.

bent open place covered with grass, 34

brakes thickets, 106

charger large dish, 191

clamant clamorous, noisy, 43

clomb old past tense of climb, 122

constellate formed into a constellation, 195

cools coolnesses, 74

corbel basket, 186

covetice (inordinate) desire, 117; covetousness, 146–7

eld old age, 59, 219, 228

fain gladly, 45, 150; disposed, desirous, 195; fain of well-pleased with, 117, 208

fane temple, 39, 43

fey 37. The old senses were ‘fated, approaching death; presaging death’. It seems very unlikely that the later sense ‘possessing or displaying magical, fairylike, or unearthly qualities’ (O.E.D. Supplement) was intended.

flittermice bats, 40

go move, in the phrase all the creatures that go 219

houseleek a fleshy plant that grows on the walls and roofs of houses, 95

inaureoled surrounded with a halo, 204 (the word is only recorded in the O.E.D. in a poem by Francis Thompson, 1897).

jacinth blue, 34

lampads 35. The word is only recorded in the O.E.D. (first used by Coleridge) of the seven lamps of fire burning before the throne of God in the Book of Revelation, iv. 5.

lets upon gives on to, opens on to, 210

lief gladly, willingly, 163; liever more gladly, more willingly, rather, 105, 163

lustihead vigour, 99

meed requital, 105

minished reduced, diminished, 150, 208

or…or either…or, 127, 192, 214

or yet apparently means ‘already’, 166

ousel blackbird, 47 (now spelt ouzel, in Ring-ouzel and other bird-names).

pleasance ‘A pleasure-ground, usually attached to a mansion; sometimes a secluded part of a garden, but more often a separate enclosure laid out with shady walks, trees and shrubs…’ (O.E.D.) This sense is present in pleasa(u)nces 74, 116, but in rest and pleasance 69 the sense is ‘enjoyment, pleasure’ in nor did he have lack of pleasance 65 either meaning may be intended, but I think probably the former.

pled old past