The Box - Marc Levinson [165]
17. McLean’s plans developed quickly enough that they became public within two or three months; see Raskin, “Union Head Backs ‘Sea-Land’ Trucks.” Tobin, “Transportation in the New York Metropolitan Area during the Next Twenty-five Years,” pp. 10–12.
18. PNYA, Minutes of Committee on Port Planning, September 2, 1954, Meyner Papers, Box 43; PNYA, Minutes of the Commissioners, December 9, 1954, 232, Meyner Papers, Box 43; June 29, 1955, 216; October 26, 1955, 316 and 322, all in Meyner Papers, Box 44; PNYA, Thirty-fifth Annual Report, 1956, pp. 1–4.
19. Press release, Office of the Governor, December 2, 1955; PNYA, Minutes of Committee on Port Planning, January 5, 1956, Meyner Papers, Box 44. The Port Authority’s previous view of Elizabeth’s potential was expressed at Marine Terminal Survey, p. 26, which discussed the potential for port development in Newark, Jersey City, Hoboken, Weehawken, and North Bergen, but emphasized with italic type that the Elizabeth waterfront was best suited for industrial use.
20. Newark share derived from data in PNYA, Annual Report 1955, p. 9, and PANYNJ, Foreign Trade 1976.
21. Chris McNickle, To Be Mayor of New York: Ethnic Politics in the City (New York, 1993), pp. 97–107; proposed 1954 capital budget, Wagner Papers, Reel 7709, Frame 1372; John J. Bennett, chairman, City Planning Commission, to Henry L. Epstein, deputy mayor, March 11, 1954, Wagner Papers, Reel 7709, Frame 1179; New York Department of Marine and Aviation, press release, August 24, 1955, Wagner Papers, Reel 40531, Frame 1220; Jensen, Strife on the Waterfront, p. 147; Wagner letter to City Planning Commission in Wagner Papers, Reel 40507, Frame 843.
22. Cullman to Lukens, December 9, 1955; Lukens to file, December 12, 1955, in Doig Files.
23. O’Connor address to New York Symposium on Increasing Port Efficiency, November 28, 1956, Wagner Papers, Reel 40531, Frame 1554; Department of Marine and Aviation, “Rebuilding New York City’s Water-front,” September 5, 1956, Wagner Papers, Reel 40531, Frames 1603–1639.
24. The New York Council on Port Promotion and Development, established by the city, estimated in 1963 that handling general cargo cost $10 per ton in New York versus $5 per ton in Baltimore. Wagner Papers, Reel 40532, Frame 866; “Statement of Vincent A. G. O’Connor, Commissioner of Marine & Aviation, regarding Operation of Grace Line Terminal at Marine & Aviation Piers 57 and 58, North River,” Wagner Papers, Reel 40531, Frame 1268; O’Connor address to convention of ILA, July 11, 1955, Wagner Papers, Reel 40531, Frame 1314. Individual longshore gangs had established priority hiring rights on individual piers as “regular” and “regular extra” gangs, and the shift of a carrier from one pier to another could lead to violent disputes over priority status at the new location.
25. Department of City Planning, Newsletter, November 1956, Wagner Papers, Reel 40507, Frame 1596; oral history interviews with Robert F. Wagner, May 21, 1988, Julius C. C. Edelstein, April 5, 1991, and Thomas Russell Jones, June 10, 1993, in LaGuardia and Wagner Archive, LaGuardia Community College, Queens, NY; McNickle, To Be Mayor of New York, p. 121; Downtown-Lower Manhattan Association, “Lower Manhattan” (1958), 6.
26. Press release, September 4, 1957, Wagner Papers, Reel 40531, Frame 1945; press release, September 11, 1957, Wagner Papers, Reel 40531, Frame 1957; O’Connor statement at Board of Estimate capital budget hearing, November 18, 1958, Wagner Papers, Reel 40532, Frame 1149; interview with Guy F. Tozzoli, New York, January 13, 2004; letter from Howard S. Cullman and Donald V. Lowe to Mayor Wagner and the Board of Estimate, September 18, 1957, Wagner Papers, Reel 40531, Frame 1448; “Statement by Vincent A. G. O’Connor, Commissioner of Marine and Aviation, regarding Port of New York Authority’s Attack on Lease with Holland-America Line for $18,723,000 Terminal, New Pier 40, to Be Built at the Foot of West Houston Street, Manhattan,” September 19,