The Box - Marc Levinson [167]
34. PNYA, Annual Report, 1996, p. 14; First National City Bank, “The Port of New York: Challenge and Opportunity,” June 1967, pp. 27, 30; Longshore News, October-November 1966, p. 4,
35. Edward C. Burks, “Jersey Facilities Set Port Agency Pace,” NYT, May 11, 1975; Edith Evans Asbury, “Port Agency Scored on Jersey Project,” NYT, July 17, 1966; PANYNJ, Foreign Trade 1976, p. 12.
36. Brown to Lindsay, May 12, 1966, in Mayor John V. Lindsay Papers, NYMA, Reel 45087, Frame 1560; PNYA, “The 1970 Outlook for Deep Sea Container Services (New York, 1967),” p. 2; PNYA, Container Shipping: Full Ahead (New York, 1967); “Containers Widen Their World,” Business Week, January 7, 1967; George Home, “Container Revolution, Hailed by Many, Feared,” NYT, September 22, 1968; memo, Halberg to Brown, May 11, 1966, Lindsay Papers, Reel 45087, Frame 1561.
37. Halberg to Deputy Mayor Robert W. Sweet, September 29, 1967, in Lindsay Papers, Department of Marine and Aviation, Reel 45087, Frame 1653; Longshore News, April 1967, p. 4, November 1967, p. 4, October 1968, p. 1, and October 1969, p. 1; Werner Bamberger, “A 90-Second Depot for Containerships Studied,” NYT, December 1, 1966; Paul F. Van Wicklen, “Elizabeth: The Port of New York’s Prototype for the Container Era” (manuscript prepared for Ports and Terminals, April 28, 1969); memo, Patrick F. Crossman, commissioner of economic development, to Lindsay, April 2, 1970, in Lindsay Papers, Confidential Subject Files, Reel 45208, Frame 707; Lindsay to Tobin, June 29, 1970, in Lindsay Papers, Confidential Subject Files, Reel 45208, Frame 668. The proposed vertical terminal for two thousand containers was developed by a New York company called Speed-Park Inc.; see R. D. Fielder, “Container Storage and Handling,” Fairplay, January 5, 1967, p. 31.
38. Joseph P. Goldberg, “U.S. Longshoremen and Port Development,” in Port Planning and Development as Related to Problems of U.S. Ports and the U.S. Coastal Environment, ed. Eric Schenker and Harry C. Brockel (Cambridge, MD, 1974), pp. 76–78; Containerisation International Yearbook 1974 (London, 1974), p. 76; Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor, Annual Report, various years; County Business Patterns, 1964, 34–91, and County Business Patterns, 1973, pp. 34–111.
39. Condit, The Port of New York, 1:346; Bill D. Ross, “The New Port Newark Is Prospering,” NYT, December 12, 1973; Goldberg, “U.S. Longshoremen and Port Development,” p. 78; David F. White, “New York Harbor Tries a Comeback,” New York, October 16, 1978, p. 75; Richard Phalon, “Port Jersey Development Could Cut Brooklyn Jobs,” NYT, January 14, 1972; New York City Planning Commission, The Waterfront, p. 35; William DiFazio, Longshoremen: Community and Resistance on the Brooklyn Waterfront (South Hadley, MA: Bergin & Garvey, 1985), pp. 34–35.
40. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census of Population and Housing 1960 (Washington, DC, 1962), Report 104, Part I, and 1970 Census of Population and Housing (Washington, DC., 1972), New York SMSA, Part I. Tract boundaries in 1970 were not identical to those in 1960, so definitive conclusions about economic change in small geographic areas are possible only in scattered instances. Housing data from New York City Planning Commission, “New Dwelling Units Completed in 1975,” Mayor Abraham Beame Papers, NYMA, Departmental Correspondence, City Planning Commission, Reel 61002, Frame 167.
41. County Business Patterns, 1964, 1967, and 1976, Part 34.
42. By the late 1970s, according to one estimate, trucking a container from the waterfront to the railroad yard cost $85 to $120 in Brooklyn, but only $21 in New Jersey; see White, “New York Harbor Tries a Comeback,” p. 78. After adjusting for differences in the industrial mix, Edgar M. Hoover and Raymond Vernon found that plants in the New York region built between 1945 and 1956 occupied 4,550 square feet of land per worker, compared to 1,040 square feet in plants built prior to 1922; they also calculated that taxes on industries in big-city locations were much